Mohammad Irfan

 In a significant step towards strengthening rehabilitation infrastructure for Kashmiri Pandit employees and advancing the vision of their dignified return to the Valley, Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha on Sunday inaugurated 1,416 transit accommodation flats at three locations in Kashmir, describing the initiative as an important milestone in reconnecting displaced families with their homeland. The inauguration of residential complexes at Zewan in Srinagar, Kakan Maran in Budgam and Kulangam Bagh in Kupwara marks a major addition to the housing facilities being developed under the Prime Minister’s Package for Kashmiri migrant employees. The initiative, which has gathered momentum in recent years, reflects the government’s emphasis on providing secure accommodation, strengthening rehabilitation infrastructure and creating a supportive environment for employees serving in the Valley. Addressing the gathering at Zewan, Sinha delivered a strong message on Kashmir’s composite cultural identity, saying the region’s history, spiritual traditions and literary heritage were intrinsically connected with the contribution of Kashmiri Pandits. “Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits and it is deprived of a precious part of its soul,” he said, underlining that their dignified return was not merely an administrative objective but a commitment to restoring the historical heritage and human dignity of the Kashmir Division. He said the region’s natural, cultural and spiritual beauty would attain completeness when Kashmiri Pandit brothers and sisters returned to their homeland with respect, security and confidence. The Lieutenant Governor also emphasised that the newly constructed flats represented more than residential infrastructure, describing each accommodation unit as a symbol of the aspirations, resilience and hopes of a family looking towards a secure and fulfilling future in Kashmir.

1,416 Flats Across Three Locations: The three residential complexes inaugurated on Sunday comprise 1,416 flats. The Zewan complex, the largest under the project, has 936 flats spread across 39 blocks, all of which have been allotted. The Kulangam Bagh complex in Kupwara comprises 288 flats across 18 blocks, while Kakan Maran in Budgam has 192 flats distributed across 12 blocks. Together, these complexes represent an important expansion of the accommodation facilities available to employees working in different parts of the Kashmir Valley. The Zewan complex, which hosted the main inaugural ceremony, has emerged as the largest residential facility under the project. Its 39 blocks provide a substantial number of residential units within an organised campus, while the facilities at Kupwara and Budgam extend the reach of the initiative to other districts. The inauguration of the two complexes through virtual mode also highlighted the geographical spread of the project and the coordinated efforts being undertaken to develop residential infrastructure at multiple locations. The project envisages 6,000 transit accommodation flats across 342 residential blocks at 20 locations in 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Of the total sanctioned capacity, construction of more than 5,200 flats has been completed, while over 3,800 have already been allotted to eligible employees. The project was accelerated in 2020 in mission mode, with the objective of expediting the development of residential facilities for employees appointed under the Prime Minister’s Package. The steady progress reflects the scale of the infrastructure initiative and the coordinated efforts of the government departments involved in its implementation.

Dignified Return Central To Kashmir’s Inclusive Future: The Lieutenant Governor’s address placed particular emphasis on the historical and cultural significance of Kashmiri Pandits in shaping the Valley’s identity. Kashmir’s intellectual traditions, literary achievements, philosophical thought and spiritual heritage have been enriched by the contributions of Kashmiri Pandits over centuries. From Sanskrit scholarship and Kashmir Shaivism to literature, education and cultural traditions, the community has been an integral part of the region’s civilisational journey. Their contribution has helped shape Kashmir’s distinctive cultural character and enriched its traditions of scholarship, artistic expression and intellectual exchange. Sinha said the government remained committed to creating conditions that would enable Kashmiri Pandit families to return with dignity and confidence. “Kashmir is incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits and it is deprived of a precious part of its soul. Dignified return of Kashmiri Pandit families is a commitment to restoring the historical heritage and human dignity of the Kashmir Division,” he said. The Lieutenant Governor added that the region’s natural, cultural and spiritual beauty would attain completeness only when Kashmiri Pandit brothers and sisters returned to their homeland with respect, security and confidence. The statement placed the return of the displaced community within a broader framework of cultural reconciliation and social restoration, highlighting that Kashmir’s composite identity is closely connected with the contributions and traditions of all its communities.

6,000-Flat Project Nearing Completion: The Lieutenant Governor directed the concerned departments to expedite construction of the remaining approximately 700 flats under the Prime Minister’s Package programme and ensure that the entire project progresses towards timely completion. Additional Chief Secretary, Public Works (Roads and Buildings) Department, Anil Kumar Singh, assured the Lieutenant Governor that the remaining flats would be completed by December this year. The direction is expected to provide further momentum to the project, which has witnessed substantial progress since its acceleration in 2020. With more than 5,200 flats already completed, the administration is moving towards achieving the original target of 6,000 residential units. The completion of the remaining accommodation will further expand the availability of government housing for eligible employees. The project involves coordinated efforts of engineering teams, construction agencies, district administrations and various utility departments to ensure that the residential complexes are developed with the necessary infrastructure. Sinha appreciated the contribution of labourers, engineers, Public Works Department officials, the Divisional Commissioner Kashmir, district administrations, J&K Police, security forces and agencies responsible for water and electricity infrastructure.

Focus On Quality Amenities And Secure Living: Emphasising that the completion of residential infrastructure must be accompanied by quality public services, the Lieutenant Governor directed officials to ensure the availability of the best possible amenities for employees and their families residing in government accommodation. He specifically stressed uninterrupted electricity and water supply, effective waste management, robust security arrangements and prompt grievance redressal. The directions underline the administration’s focus on making the residential complexes well-equipped and comfortable living spaces. Adequate civic facilities and efficient maintenance arrangements are essential to ensuring that employees can concentrate on their professional responsibilities while enjoying a secure and convenient residential environment. The complexes are expected to provide an organised residential ecosystem, supported by the coordinated functioning of the civil administration, police and departments responsible for essential services. The emphasis on essential amenities also reflects the government’s recognition that residential rehabilitation requires continuous administrative attention even after the completion and allotment of flats.

“Employment and accommodation together constitute important elements of an organised rehabilitation initiative. While government appointments provide professional opportunities, residential facilities offer employees a designated place to live near their places of posting………..”

Tourism Employment, Housing As Pillars Of Rehabilitation: The Prime Minister’s Package has been an important component of the government’s efforts to facilitate the return and rehabilitation of Kashmiri Pandits through employment opportunities and supporting infrastructure. The employment initiative has enabled eligible Kashmiri Pandit youth to take up government positions in the Valley, providing them an opportunity to contribute to public institutions and remain connected with their place of origin. The development of 6,000 transit accommodation flats complements this employment framework by addressing the residential requirements of employees serving in Kashmir. Employment and accommodation together constitute important elements of an organised rehabilitation initiative. While government appointments provide professional opportunities, residential facilities offer employees a designated place to live near their places of posting. The development of residential complexes at different locations also provides an institutional framework for accommodating employees in a planned manner. For employees and their families, access to suitable accommodation, reliable utilities and a secure environment can make a meaningful difference to their living conditions.

Strengthening Kashmir’s Composite Cultural Heritage: In his address, Sinha reiterated that the return of Kashmiri Pandits was closely linked to preserving and celebrating the Valley’s composite cultural identity. He said Kashmir’s literary consciousness, spiritual heritage and cultural splendour could not be imagined without the contributions of Kashmiri Pandits. The community has historically made significant contributions to education, literature, philosophy, art, music and public institutions, enriching the cultural landscape of Jammu and Kashmir. The intellectual traditions associated with Kashmir have travelled far beyond the geographical boundaries of the region. The philosophical contributions of Kashmiri scholars, the richness of Sanskrit literature and the community’s role in preserving traditional knowledge have all formed an important part of India’s cultural history. The Lieutenant Governor’s remarks highlighted the importance of preserving this shared heritage and creating an atmosphere in which future generations can reconnect with the region’s diverse cultural traditions. The vision of a dignified return, as articulated by the Lieutenant Governor, also places emphasis on restoring a sense of belonging and strengthening the bonds between people and their ancestral homeland.

Residential Facilities Across Ten Districts: The geographical spread of the 6,000-flat project is another significant feature of the initiative. With residential accommodation planned at 20 locations across 10 districts, the project seeks to provide facilities closer to the places where employees are required to serve. The distribution of residential complexes across the Valley reflects a planned approach to developing infrastructure for employees under the Prime Minister’s Package. The three newly inaugurated complexes add to this network, with Zewan providing the largest residential facility, followed by the complexes at Kulangam Bagh and Kakan Maran. Such infrastructure also requires sustained coordination among the district administrations and departments responsible for essential services. The Lieutenant Governor’s directions regarding electricity, water, security, sanitation and grievance redressal are aimed at ensuring that the residential facilities deliver the intended benefits to their occupants. The administration’s focus on completing the remaining flats by December is expected to provide further impetus to the initiative and strengthen its overall implementation.

Collective Efforts Behind The Project: The Lieutenant Governor acknowledged the role of various departments and agencies in executing the project, appreciating the contribution of labourers, engineers, officials of the Public Works Department, district administrations, police and security forces. The construction of more than 5,200 flats across multiple locations has involved extensive planning, engineering work and coordination among different agencies. The provision of water and electricity infrastructure, development of internal facilities and completion of residential blocks required sustained efforts by the concerned departments. Lt Governor Sinha also commended the dedicated service of employees appointed under the Prime Minister’s Package, acknowledging their contribution to government institutions in the Valley. The presence of senior administrative and police officials at the inauguration reflected the institutional importance attached to the programme. The ceremony was attended by Additional Chief Secretary Anil Kumar Singh; Commissioner Secretary, Disaster Management, Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, M. Raju; Divisional Commissioner Kashmir Anshul Garg; Inspector General of Police Kashmir Sujit Singh; SSP Srinagar Dr G. V. Sundeep Chakravarthy; Deputy Commissioner Srinagar AkshayLabroo; Relief and Rehabilitation Commissioner Arvind Karwani, besides senior officials, prominent citizens and PM Package employees.

Kashmir Horizon View: The inauguration of 1,416 flats marks an important moment in the ongoing efforts to strengthen residential infrastructure for Kashmiri Pandit employees and advance the larger vision of their dignified return. The Government’s focus on completing the remaining accommodation, improving civic facilities and ensuring secure residential environments is expected to further reinforce the programme. With more than 5,200 flats completed against the sanctioned target of 6,000, the initiative has made considerable progress in expanding housing facilities for employees serving in the Valley. The latest inauguration also carries a message that rehabilitation is closely connected with restoring confidence, strengthening cultural bonds and providing opportunities for people to reconnect with their homeland. For Kashmir, the return of Kashmiri Pandits carries a significance that extends beyond physical rehabilitation. It represents the renewal of longstanding cultural associations, the strengthening of shared traditions and the restoration of an important dimension of the Valley’s collective identity. As the residential project moves towards completion, the focus will remain on ensuring that the facilities provide comfortable and secure living conditions and that employees and their families receive the necessary administrative support. Sinha’s assertion that Kashmir remains incomplete without Kashmiri Pandits gives the initiative a larger cultural and emotional dimension. It acknowledges the community’s enduring contribution to the Valley and places its return within the broader aspiration of a culturally vibrant, inclusive and harmonious Kashmir. The inauguration of the three complexes is thus not merely an addition to the region’s housing infrastructure. It is also an expression of hope that the bonds connecting Kashmiri Pandits with their ancestral homeland will continue to strengthen. With the 6,000-flat project approaching its completion, the government has reiterated its commitment to providing the necessary infrastructure for a dignified return. Ultimately, the vision articulated by the Lieutenant Governor is of a Kashmir where every community finds a sense of belonging, where historical and cultural connections are celebrated, and where the return of Kashmiri Pandit families adds renewed strength to the Valley’s shared heritage.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

As global energy markets grapple with geopolitical uncertainties, supply disruptions and fluctuating fuel prices, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday outlined an ambitious vision for India’s clean energy future, positioning renewable power not merely as an environmental necessity but as a strategic pillar of economic resilience, industrial growth and national energy security. Inaugurating the Bharat Renewable Energy Summit & Expo 2026 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Modi said India’s sustained investments in renewable energy over the past decade had strengthened its ability to withstand global economic shocks while maintaining robust growth. Addressing industry leaders, investors, innovators, startup representatives and international delegates, the Prime Minister said the future of energy security lay in clean energy, emphasising that countries investing in renewable technologies would be better positioned to navigate an increasingly uncertain global energy landscape. The summit, being held alongside the Ninth Assembly of the International Solar Alliance and with participation from delegates attending the Fourth Conference on Green Hydrogen, brought together policymakers, technology developers and investors at a time when the global transition towards sustainable energy is acquiring greater economic and strategic significance. Prime Minister Modi said the world had experienced unprecedented disruptions, from the COVID-19 pandemic to the ongoing crisis in West Asia, exposing the vulnerabilities of economies dependent on conventional energy supplies. He credited India’s sustained investments and systemic reforms in the clean energy sector with helping the country navigate these challenges. “If India had not invested in clean energy and created new systems for this over the past decade, then our crisis could have been much more severe than the rest of the world,” the Prime Minister said.

Clean Energy At The Heart Of Economic Security: One of the central messages of Modi’s address was the growing connection between energy security and economic stability. The Prime Minister observed that fossil fuel reserves were finite and concentrated in a limited number of geographical regions, leaving importing countries vulnerable to geopolitical tensions, supply disruptions and international price fluctuations. Renewable energy, by contrast, offers countries an opportunity to diversify their energy systems through resources such as sunlight, wind and water. “And we all know, the future of energy security lies in clean energy,” Modi asserted. For India, one of the world’s largest energy consumers, this transition carries considerable economic significance. Expanding domestic renewable generation can reduce exposure to imported fossil fuels in the electricity sector while creating opportunities for manufacturing, infrastructure development, technological innovation and employment. The Prime Minister’s emphasis on clean energy as an economic safeguard also highlighted the changing nature of energy security.

India’s 500-GW Ambition Enters A New Phase: Highlighting the progress made during India’s clean energy journey, Modi said the country had moved steadily towards fulfilling its international climate commitments while expanding its domestic renewable energy infrastructure. He recalled India’s commitment announced at COP26 to achieve 500 gigawatts of non-fossil fuel electricity capacity by 2030. According to figures cited by the Prime Minister, India achieved the milestone of sourcing more than half its installed electricity generation capacity from non-fossil sources in 2025, five years ahead of its 2030 target. He said the country’s non-fossil installed capacity had reached nearly 300 GW, placing India among the leading nations in renewable and solar energy. Installed capacity, however, is distinct from actual electricity generation, which depends on factors such as weather conditions, plant utilisation and grid demand. Looking beyond the current decade, Modi announced an ambitious objective of adding another 500 GW of non-fossil capacity over the next 10 to 11 years. “This target is somewhat difficult, but I have faith in the capability of my country; therefore I say, we will do it!” he declared. The announcement signals an intention to sustain the expansion of India’s clean energy infrastructure beyond the existing 2030 commitments. Achieving such a scale of development would involve substantial investments in generation capacity, transmission infrastructure, energy storage, manufacturing and skilled manpower. It would also create opportunities for technology companies, equipment manufacturers, engineering firms and financial institutions participating in the energy transition.

Rooftop Solar Transforms Household Economics: A major focus of the Prime Minister’s address was the growing role of rooftop solar installations in reducing household electricity expenses. Prime Minister Modi highlighted the progress of the PM Surya GharMuft Bijli Yojana, launched in February 2024 with the objective of installing rooftop solar systems in one crore households. According to figures presented at the summit, more than 65 lakh households had joined the programme within approximately 24 to 25 months, with new installations progressing at a pace of nearly one lakh homes every six days. The Prime Minister cited a study indicating that participating households had experienced an average reduction of approximately 76 percent in their electricity bills. He said lakhs of families had reduced their bills to zero, while some households were earning additional income by supplying surplus electricity to the grid. The initiative illustrates how renewable energy can increasingly become part of household financial planning. For families, rooftop solar offers the potential to reduce recurring electricity expenses, while surplus generation can create additional financial benefits under applicable electricity regulations and net-metering arrangements.

Solar Power Moves Into Farms And Public Institutions: The Prime Minister also highlighted the expansion of solar power beyond conventional electricity generation into agriculture, public infrastructure and everyday economic activities. He said more than 44,000 government buildings had been connected with solar energy, resulting in annual savings of nearly Rs 700 crore. The figures illustrate the financial potential of solar installations in public institutions, where electricity consumption represents a recurring operational expenditure. Prime Minister Modi called for accelerating solar adoption across government buildings, schools, colleges, hospitals and streetlight networks. He also proposed encouraging healthy competition among states and local bodies to recognise successful implementation and facilitate the sharing of effective practices. In agriculture, the Prime Minister highlighted the PM-KUSUM scheme, saying solar irrigation facilities had reached more than 30 lakh farmers. According to the figures he cited, beneficiaries using solar pumps were saving nearly Rs 1 lakh annually. Solar irrigation can help reduce farmers’ dependence on conventional electricity or diesel-powered pumping systems, particularly where reliable grid connectivity remains a challenge. Prime Minister Modi urged policymakers and innovators to expand the use of solar technology beyond irrigation pumps. He suggested utilising uncultivated portions of agricultural land and farm boundaries for solar installations, potentially enabling farmers to derive additional economic value from available space.

Innovation To Drive The Next Solar Revolution: One of the most forward-looking elements of Modi’s address was his emphasis on innovation as the next major driver of India’s solar transformation. He said the emerging phase of the solar revolution must focus not only on expanding adoption but also on developing technologies that make renewable energy more practical, reliable and accessible. “This new era of the solar revolution is not just about adoption, it is equally driven by innovation,” the Prime Minister said. He urged startups, Indian Institutes of Technology, researchers, innovators and entrepreneurs to develop systems capable of meeting the maximum possible energy requirements of individual households through solar power. The vision extends beyond rooftop electricity generation to applications such as solar-powered cooking, charging of electric two-wheelers and cars, and integrated household energy management. Such innovations could gradually transform how households generate, store and consume electricity. For middle-class families, the development of affordable solar-powered appliances and charging systems could provide opportunities to reduce expenditure on conventional energy sources. Prime Minister Modi also called for specialised solar equipment for the dairy sector, animal fodder processing, crop harvesting and post-harvest activities. These applications could open new markets for Indian startups and manufacturers while extending clean energy benefits to rural enterprises.

“India’s solar module manufacturing capacity had increased from approximately 2 GW a decade ago to more than 200 GW, while solar cell manufacturing capacity had reached nearly 40 GW…….”

Animal Husbandry Manufacturing Emerges As A Major Growth Engine: The Prime Minister also highlighted the expansion of domestic manufacturing as an important feature of India’s renewable energy journey. He said India’s solar module manufacturing capacity had increased from approximately 2 GW a decade ago to more than 200 GW, while solar cell manufacturing capacity had reached nearly 40 GW. The growth represents a substantial expansion of the country’s domestic manufacturing base. Prime Minister Modi linked this development to the government’s Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives, emphasising the importance of building indigenous industrial capabilities. The expansion of solar manufacturing can create opportunities across multiple sectors, including engineering, electronics, glass, metals, logistics, installation and maintenance services. It also offers scope for greater domestic value addition and the development of supply chains serving both Indian and international markets. The next stage of manufacturing development will increasingly depend on advances in solar cell technology, energy storage systems, battery components and other critical equipment. A strong domestic manufacturing ecosystem could help India combine its expanding renewable energy demand with industrial development and export opportunities.

Green Hydrogen Opens New Industrial Possibilities: Beyond solar and wind power, Modi highlighted the National Green Hydrogen Mission as another major component of India’s energy transition. He said India was working towards producing 50 lakh tonnes of green hydrogen annually by the end of the decade. Green hydrogen, produced using renewable electricity, offers potential applications in sectors where direct electrification can be difficult, including certain industrial processes and heavy transport. The Prime Minister also referred to the introduction of India’s first green hydrogen train a few months earlier, presenting it as an example of emerging applications in the transport sector. The development of green hydrogen technologies could create new opportunities for electrolyser manufacturing, renewable electricity generation, industrial infrastructure and specialised engineering services. For industries seeking to reduce emissions, green hydrogen may become an important alternative in selected applications as technology matures and production costs decline. Its wider adoption will depend on the availability of competitively priced renewable electricity, infrastructure and sustained technological development.

Rs 2 lakh Crore Push For Green Power Corridors: Prime Minister Narendra Modi stressed that the expansion of renewable generation must be supported by efficient transmission infrastructure. Solar and wind resources are distributed unevenly across the country, making it necessary to transport electricity from high-generation regions to areas with greater demand. The Prime Minister highlighted the development of Green Energy Corridors, comprising dedicated transmission lines and substations, alongside the One Nation, One Power Grid framework. He said the integration of five regional electricity grids into a unified national network had strengthened the country’s ability to transfer electricity across regions. The Government is now advancing the next phase of transmission development, with an investment target of approximately Rs 2 lakh crore.

Rs 20 Lakh Crore Investment Opportunity: The Prime Minister also presented India’s clean energy sector as a major destination for domestic and international investment. He said renewable energy had attracted investments exceeding Rs 15 lakh crore, equivalent to approximately $164 billion, over the past decade. Of this, more than Rs 6 lakh crore, or approximately $63 billion, had reportedly been invested in the two years since the 2024 RE-INVEST Summit. Prime Minister Modi said investment opportunities in the sector could exceed Rs 20 lakh crore, or approximately $220 billion, by the end of the decade. He invited global investors to participate in India’s renewable energy expansion, citing the country’s large domestic market, growing demand and policy framework.

Clean Energy As A Source Of Employment: Prime Minister Modi emphasised that renewable energy expansion could generate substantial employment opportunities across the economy. The development of solar and other clean energy infrastructure requires workers across manufacturing, installation, engineering, transportation, maintenance and technical services. As renewable technologies become more widely integrated into households, agriculture and industry, the demand for specialised skills and services is expected to expand. The Prime Minister said the transition towards solar-powered cooking, transportation and other applications could support the emergence of new industries. For India’s young workforce, the sector presents opportunities in research, entrepreneurship, equipment manufacturing, project development and technical services. The growth of domestic innovation and manufacturing could also encourage startups to develop affordable technologies suited to Indian conditions and international markets.

India Seeks A Larger Global Clean Energy Role: The summit also highlighted India’s efforts to strengthen international cooperation in renewable energy. Prime Minister Modi reiterated the country’s commitment to the principle of “One Earth, One Family, One Future”, linking India’s domestic energy transformation with its wider global climate commitments. He said India wanted to share its clean energy innovations, technologies and implementation experience with other countries. The Prime Minister referred to a proposed $200 million Africa Solar Facility aimed at supporting solar energy development on the continent. The initiative reflects the importance of improving access to finance, technology and expertise in countries seeking to expand renewable energy infrastructure. Through the International Solar Alliance and other cooperative platforms, India has sought to promote greater international collaboration in solar energy deployment. Prime Minister Modi expressed confidence that the summit would strengthen partnerships among governments, investors, researchers and industry leaders.

Kashmir Horizon View: The Bharat Renewable Energy Summit & Expo 2026 highlighted the widening scope of India’s clean energy ambitions, from household rooftops and agricultural fields to industrial manufacturing, green hydrogen and international investment. The Prime Minister’s address presented renewable energy as an increasingly important part of the country’s economic and developmental strategy. The figures cited at the summit — nearly 300 GW of non-fossil installed capacity, more than 65 lakh households participating in the rooftop solar programme, expanding domestic manufacturing and substantial investment commitments — illustrate the scale of the transition underway. The next phase will involve translating additional capacity targets into reliable electricity supply, wider technological adoption, competitive manufacturing and new economic opportunities. By calling upon startups, educational institutions, industries and investors to participate, Modi placed innovation and public participation at the centre of the country’s future energy ambitions. His message was that clean energy should increasingly become part of everyday life, helping households save money, farmers reduce operating expenses, industries access new technologies and the country strengthen its energy security. As India looks towards the next decade, the renewable energy transition is set to influence not only how electricity is generated but also how homes function, industries operate and economic opportunities emerge. Concluding his address Prime Minister Modi called for collective international efforts to advance the global energy transition. “Only then will we be able to build a Clean Future, a Green Future, and a Secure Future,” he said. The summit thus brought into focus an evolving vision of India’s energy future — one in which clean power, domestic innovation, industrial expansion and international cooperation are expected to play increasingly important roles in shaping the country’s development.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

The Eight years after Jammu and Kashmir was reorganised as a Union Territory, the region is witnessing a significant phase of institutional, economic and social transition, with the administration placing peace, development, democratic participation and inclusive governance at the centre of its future roadmap. The eighth Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory Foundation Day, coinciding with the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, provided an occasion to reflect on the political and administrative changes since 2019, assess the progress achieved across different sectors and renew the commitment towards building a peaceful, prosperous and self-reliant Jammu and Kashmir. Addressing the Foundation Day gathering in Srinagar on Saturday, Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha described the developments since the abrogation of Article 370 as a defining phase in the region’s history, asserting that the transformation has opened new avenues for equality, democratic participation and development. His address sought to place the journey of Jammu and Kashmir within the larger framework of national integration, institutional accountability and the aspirations of its people, while outlining a vision in which economic opportunities, social harmony and peace become the defining features of the region’s future. “Today is not merely a date; it is a milestone that changed the direction of history and strengthened the spirit of national integration, equality and inclusive development,” the Lieutenant Governor said.The Foundation Day, he observed, was particularly significant as it coincided with the birth anniversary of Sardar Patel, whose contribution to the integration of princely states continues to symbolise national unity and institutional strength. The occasion also brought into focus the contribution of different sections of society, including farmers, teachers, scholars, writers, artists, artisans, traders, workers, security personnel, women and youth, whose collective efforts remain central to Jammu and Kashmir’s development journey.

A Changing Development Narrative: One of the principal themes emerging from the Lieutenant Governor’s address was the transition from a security-dominated narrative towards a broader development-oriented vision. For decades, Jammu and Kashmir’s developmental potential was affected by political uncertainty, militancy, separatist violence and disruptions to normal economic activity. The consequences were visible across sectors, particularly tourism, education, trade, investment and employment. The Government’s current emphasis, as articulated by Sinha, is to create conditions in which development can become a continuous process rather than remain vulnerable to periodic disruptions. “Article 370 abrogation gave ordinary citizens freedom from fear and access to rights denied for decades. Jammu Kashmir has emerged as a model of peace, development and good governance,” he said. The Lieutenant Governor argued that the changes introduced after 2019 have expanded the scope of governance and brought greater emphasis on equal access to rights, public services and opportunities. The significance of this transition, however, extends beyond administrative restructuring. Its long-term success will depend on how effectively the institutional changes translate into tangible improvements in people’s everyday lives, particularly in terms of employment, education, healthcare, infrastructure and economic security. The emphasis on inclusive development is therefore particularly relevant for a region where geographical diversity, rural dependence and uneven access to opportunities require a governance model responsive to local needs.

Security Gains And The Foundations Of Normalcy: Security remained a central component of the Lieutenant Governor’s address, with Sinha highlighting what he described as a major transformation in the security environment of Jammu and Kashmir. He maintained that sustained action against terrorism, separatist networks and organised violence had helped restore normal life and created a more favourable environment for economic and social activity. “We did not buy peace, we established peace. Zero-tolerance policy crippled terror networks and restored normal life across Jammu Kashmir,” he said. Referring to the security situation, Sinha stated that more than 780 terrorists had been eliminated since 2020, while local recruitment into militant organisations had ended and stone-pelting incidents had been brought to an end. The Lieutenant Governor described these developments as a historic security transformation, asserting that terrorism and separatist violence could no longer dictate the region’s social and political environment. The significance of improved security, as highlighted in the address, lies in its relationship with other aspects of development. A stable environment is essential for educational institutions to function without disruption, businesses to operate confidently, tourists to travel, investors to assess opportunities and young people to pursue their aspirations. Peace, therefore, is not merely a law-and-order objective but a prerequisite for sustained economic growth and social stability. At the same time, the long-term consolidation of peace requires continued institutional engagement, public confidence, effective policing, justice delivery and opportunities for young people. Lt Governor Sinha also drew attention to the administration’s action against narco-terrorism, describing drug trafficking as a serious challenge to the region’s social fabric and security environment.

Democracy And Grassroots Participation: Another important aspect of the Foundation Day address was the emphasis on strengthening democratic institutions and encouraging public participation in governance. LG Sinha said that the implementation of grassroots democratic institutions and the conduct of Assembly elections had strengthened public participation and accountability.

The restoration of elected political processes and the functioning of democratic institutions remain important elements of Jammu and Kashmir’s evolving governance framework. The region’s political journey has undergone substantial changes since 2019, and the conduct of Assembly elections marked an important development in the restoration of an elected government. The challenge ahead is to ensure that democratic participation becomes increasingly meaningful at every level, from local governance institutions to the Assembly, enabling citizens to influence decisions affecting their communities. Effective governance cannot be measured exclusively through administrative efficiency or infrastructure creation. It also depends on the responsiveness of institutions, transparency in decision-making, accountability of public representatives and the ability of citizens to seek redressal. Lt Governor Sinha underlined this aspect by observing that unity must be sustained through justice and public trust.”Public trust must be won not merely by promises, but by deeds. Justice and accountability are the strongest foundations of unity,” he said.

Development Must Reach Every Household: The Lieutenant Governor also emphasised that the real measure of transformation would be determined by the extent to which development reaches people who have historically remained outside the mainstream of economic opportunities. The focus on inclusive growth reflects the need to bridge the development gap between urban centres and remote rural areas, improve public infrastructure and strengthen access to essential services. Jammu and Kashmir’s geographical conditions present both opportunities and challenges. While the Valley’s tourism potential, Jammu’s expanding economic activity and the region’s agricultural resources offer considerable possibilities, remote and mountainous districts require sustained investment in connectivity, healthcare, education and livelihood generation. The Government’s development priorities, as outlined by Sinha, include employment generation, youth empowerment, strengthening agriculture and allied sectors, improving healthcare and education, environmental sustainability, tourism development, women’s empowerment and transparent governance. These priorities reflect the need to move towards a diversified economy capable of generating sustainable employment rather than depending on a limited number of traditional sectors. The agricultural economy, in particular, remains central to the livelihood of a substantial section of the population. Horticulture, particularly apple cultivation, saffron, walnuts and other high-value crops, provides considerable economic potential.

“Tourism also has a multiplier effect on the wider economy, benefiting transport operators, hotel owners, houseboat operators, artisans, handicraft manufacturers, traders, guides and small businesses…..…..”

Tourism And The Economic Potential Of Peace: Tourism remains among the most promising sectors in Jammu and Kashmir’s economy. The region’s natural beauty, cultural heritage, religious destinations, adventure tourism opportunities and traditional hospitality provide a strong foundation for attracting visitors from across the country and abroad. A peaceful and stable environment is essential for sustaining this potential. Improved connectivity, better accommodation facilities, tourist infrastructure and diversified tourism products can help expand the sector beyond established destinations. The development of lesser-known tourist locations, promotion of winter tourism, adventure activities and eco-tourism can generate new livelihood opportunities for local communities. Tourism also has a multiplier effect on the wider economy, benefiting transport operators, hotel owners, houseboat operators, artisans, handicraft manufacturers, traders, guides and small businesses. The Lieutenant Governor’s emphasis on peace and economic growth reflects the relationship between security and the region’s economic potential. For tourism to become a sustainable source of prosperity, however, development must be balanced with environmental protection. Jammu and Kashmir’s fragile mountain ecology, water resources, forests and biodiversity require responsible planning and strict adherence to environmental safeguards. Sustainable tourism must therefore remain an important component of the region’s long-term economic strategy.

Healthcare, Education And Social Development: The Foundation Day address also highlighted healthcare and education as essential pillars of a prosperous society. Access to quality healthcare is particularly important in a geographically diverse region where residents of remote areas often face challenges in accessing specialised medical facilities. Strengthening primary healthcare, improving district-level hospitals, expanding specialist services and promoting telemedicine can help reduce these disparities. The emphasis on healthcare also needs to be accompanied by greater attention to preventive medicine, public health awareness, maternal and child healthcare, mental health services and affordable treatment. Similarly, improving the quality of education requires continuous investment in school infrastructure, teacher training, digital learning, research facilities and professional education. The objective must be to ensure that students from rural, economically weaker and geographically remote backgrounds have access to the same quality of educational opportunities as those living in major urban centres. LG Sinha stressed that no citizen should be left behind in the development process, underlining the importance of ensuring that the benefits of public welfare and institutional reforms reach every household.

A Vision Extending Towards 2047: Looking ahead, the Lieutenant Governor placed the development agenda within the larger national vision of 2047, when India will mark 100 years of Independence. He expressed his aspiration for Jammu and Kashmir to emerge as a model of prosperity, supported by a modern economy, world-class healthcare, excellent educational institutions and a vibrant cultural heritage. “My dream is that by 2047, Jammu Kashmir should emerge as a model of prosperity with a modern economy, world-class healthcare, excellent education and a vibrant cultural heritage,” he said. The vision requires a long-term approach to economic planning, institutional strengthening and human development. Infrastructure projects, improved road and rail connectivity, digital services, industrial investment and modern urban facilities can provide the physical foundation for growth. However, the sustainability of this progress will ultimately depend on the quality of institutions, the strength of local enterprises and the participation of citizens. The challenge will be to ensure that economic growth generates broad-based prosperity, that public investment produces measurable social outcomes and that the region’s natural and cultural resources are protected for future generations. The Foundation Day address also placed responsibility on citizens and institutions to contribute to this transformation rather than view development as the exclusive responsibility of the Government. “Let us build a Jammu Kashmir where there is trust instead of fear, opportunity instead of scarcity, justice instead of injustice, and where every young person and every woman finds wings for their dreams,” Sinha said.

Kashmir Horizon View: The eighth UT Foundation Day was not confined to official celebrations. It also provided an opportunity to renew the collective commitment towards peace, democratic values, economic progress and social harmony. Earlier, the Lieutenant Governor administered the Unity Pledge and flagged off the Run for Unity to mark Rashtriya Ekta Diwas. A documentary film prepared by the Information Department on Jammu and Kashmir’s transformational journey was also screened. The event was attended by Chairperson J&K Waqf Board Dr Syed Darakhshan Andrabi, Chief Secretary Atal Dulloo, Director General of Police Nalin Prabhat, Additional Chief Secretary Home Department Chandraker Bharti, Principal Secretary to the Lieutenant Governor Govind Jaiswal, IGP Kashmir Sujit Singh, Divisional Commissioner Kashmir Anshul Garg, senior civil and police officers, security personnel, representatives of educational institutions, civil society members and youth. As Jammu and Kashmir enters another year of its Union Territory journey, the larger task is to convert the gains of stability and institutional change into durable improvements in people’s lives. The path ahead will require sustained attention to employment, economic diversification, public accountability, environmental conservation, social inclusion and democratic participation. The Lieutenant Governor’s message on the occasion placed peace and development as interconnected objectives, emphasising that a secure environment must ultimately create opportunities for every section of society. The real measure of Jammu and Kashmir’s transformation will be the confidence of its people, the strength of its institutions, the prosperity of its households and the opportunities available to its younger generation. Eight years into its new administrative chapter, the region’s future will increasingly be shaped by its ability to translate aspirations into outcomes and ensure that progress is both inclusive and sustainable. As Sinha summed up in his address, the future of Jammu and Kashmir must be shaped by peace rather than fear, equal opportunities rather than discrimination, and continuous progress rather than stagnation. The larger aspiration is clear: a Jammu and Kashmir where peace becomes permanent, development reaches every doorstep, institutions command public trust and every citizen has a meaningful stake in shaping the region’s future.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

The National unity, technological self-reliance and rural prosperity emerged as the central themes of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s engagements on the occasion of Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, as he paid tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, congratulated India’s space scientists on a successful navigation satellite launch and highlighted development projects worth more than Rs 14,000 crore in Gujarat. The three developments, though distinct in their immediate objectives, reflect interconnected dimensions of the government’s broader vision of a developed India: strengthening national integration, building indigenous technological capabilities and creating a stronger economic foundation through agriculture, infrastructure and rural enterprise. From remembering Patel’s contribution to the integration of princely states to celebrating advances in satellite navigation and outlining measures to improve farmers’ incomes, the Prime Minister’s message placed India’s development journey within a framework of institutional strength, economic resilience and technological advancement. The birth anniversary of Sardar Patel, observed nationally as Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, provided the occasion to underline the continuing relevance of unity in a country characterised by immense geographical, linguistic, cultural and social diversity. Paying homage to Patel, Modi described him as the Iron Man of India and the architect of a united India, recalling his lifelong commitment to building a strong, prosperous and capable nation. In a message posted on X, the Prime Minister said Patel’s sacrifice and dedication to the service of the country remained an inspiration for India’s efforts to achieve the goals of Viksit Bharat and Atmanirbhar Bharat. The tribute carried significance beyond a ceremonial remembrance. Patel’s contribution to national integration remains an important chapter in India’s political history, particularly his role in bringing hundreds of princely states into the Union following Independence. His legacy continues to be invoked in discussions surrounding national cohesion, administrative consolidation and the responsibility of institutions in preserving the unity and integrity of the country.

Unity As The Foundation Of National Development: The emphasis on national unity in the Prime Minister’s message comes at a time when India’s development ambitions increasingly depend on its ability to combine economic growth with institutional stability and social cohesion. The vision of a developed India by 2047 requires coordinated efforts across states, regions and economic sectors. Infrastructure expansion, industrial development, technological innovation and social welfare programmes must operate within a larger framework of national priorities. In this context, Patel’s legacy offers a historical reference point for understanding the importance of a cohesive national framework. Prime Minister Modi’s appeal to citizens, particularly young people, to participate in the Run for Unity was aimed at reinforcing this message through public participation. The Prime Minister also referred to the Unity Festival at Ekta Nagar in Gujarat, where celebrations were scheduled to include parades by police and security forces and cultural tableaus. The broader objective of such observances is to encourage citizens to view national unity not merely as a constitutional or political principle but as a shared responsibility reflected in everyday social and civic life.

ISRO Mission And The Expanding Horizon Of Technological Self-Reliance:  A major highlight of the day was the successful launch of GSLV-F18 carrying the NVS-03 navigation satellite, an achievement that drew congratulations from the Prime Minister for India’s scientists and engineers at ISRO. Prime Minister Modi described the mission as an important step towards strengthening NavIC, India’s indigenous satellite navigation system, saying that the satellite’s enhanced capabilities would advance the country’s pursuit of self-reliance in critical technologies. The launch represents another milestone in India’s efforts to develop and strengthen indigenous space-based infrastructure. Satellite navigation has become an essential component of modern economic and technological systems. Its applications extend across transportation, aviation, maritime operations, agriculture, disaster management, telecommunications and emergency response. For a country with India’s geographical scale and expanding digital economy, reliable navigation infrastructure has strategic as well as civilian significance. NavIC, India’s regional satellite navigation system, is designed to provide positioning, navigation and timing services over India and the surrounding region.Strengthening the system through successive satellite launches is important for improving service continuity, technological capabilities and the country’s ability to rely on indigenous infrastructure. The significance of NVS-03 therefore extends beyond the successful deployment of another satellite. It forms part of a larger effort to develop domestic capabilities in advanced electronics, satellite engineering, launch systems and space-based applications. Technological self-reliance has become increasingly important as countries seek to strengthen control over critical infrastructure and reduce vulnerabilities arising from excessive dependence on external systems.India’s expanding space programme has demonstrated the potential of domestic scientific institutions to undertake complex missions and develop technologies with applications across multiple sectors.

Banaskantha Development Package| Rural Economy At The Centre: While the space mission highlighted India’s technological ambitions, the Prime Minister’s programme in Banaskantha brought attention to another important dimension of the development agenda: strengthening the rural economy through agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy, infrastructure and improved market connectivity. Prime Minister Modi laid the foundation stone, inaugurated and dedicated development projects worth more than Rs 14,000 crore to the nation in the Gujarat district, covering several sectors with direct implications for farmers, livestock rearers, women, children and rural entrepreneurs. Describing farmers as among the strongest pillars of Viksit Bharat, the Prime Minister said the government had consistently prioritised their welfare and empowerment. The development package reflects the importance of agriculture and allied activities in India’s economic structure, particularly in regions where a substantial proportion of households depend on farming and livestock-based livelihoods. The rural economy is no longer being viewed exclusively through the traditional lens of agricultural production. Its future increasingly depends on value addition, scientific intervention, processing infrastructure, cooperative institutions, improved logistics and access to wider markets. Banaskantha offers an interesting example of this changing rural economic landscape. The district’s agricultural and dairy activities have demonstrated how irrigation, cooperative participation, food processing and technological interventions can contribute to expanding economic opportunities.

Direct Financial Support And Protection Against Economic Uncertainty: A substantial part of the Prime Minister’s address focused on financial assistance and policy interventions intended to reduce the economic burden on farmers. Referring to the PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, Prime Minister Modi said more than Rs 18,000 crore had been transferred to the bank accounts of approximately 10 crore farmers through the latest instalment. He said the scheme had become an important source of financial assistance for small cultivators, who constitute a significant proportion of India’s agricultural community. The Prime Minister also highlighted the government’s expenditure on fertiliser subsidies, minimum support price procurement and crop insurance, presenting these measures as part of a broader framework of agricultural support. According to the figures cited by him, nearly Rs 4.5 lakh crore had been transferred directly to farmers under PM-KISAN, while substantial expenditure had been incurred to protect cultivators from fluctuations in international fertiliser prices. He said that wheat and paddy farmers had received more than Rs 24 lakh crore through MSP procurement over the preceding 12 years. The Prime Minister also referred to compensation exceeding Rs 2 lakh crore under crop insurance arrangements and the expansion of solar-powered irrigation facilities through PM-KUSUM. Taken together, these interventions, according to Modi, had delivered or saved more than Rs 50 lakh crore for farmers.

“PM also referred to advanced reproductive technologies, including in-vitro fertilisation, as tools for improving livestock quality and productivity.The objective is to enable livestock rearers to obtain better economic returns through healthier animals, higher milk yields and reduced disease-related losses..….”

Dairy And Animal Husbandry|Expanding The Rural Income Base:

Animal husbandry received considerable attention during the Prime Minister’s address, reflecting its growing importance as a supplementary and, in many rural households, primary source of income. Prime Minister Modi described livestock rearing as a vital pillar of the rural economy and highlighted the importance of scientific breeding, veterinary care and disease prevention in improving productivity. He referred to the Rashtriya Gokul Mission and the newly developed research facility in Banaskantha, which is intended to strengthen indigenous livestock breeds. The facility is expected to support conservation and improvement of breeds such as Gir, Sahiwal and Kankrej cattle, along with Mehsana, Murrah and Jaffarabadi buffaloes. The Prime Minister also referred to advanced reproductive technologies, including in-vitro fertilisation, as tools for improving livestock quality and productivity. The objective is to enable livestock rearers to obtain better economic returns through healthier animals, higher milk yields and reduced disease-related losses. He said approximately 150 crore vaccine doses had been administered under the nationwide livestock vaccination programme, benefiting more than eight crore farmers through free vaccination of their animals. Prime Minister Modi also highlighted the increase in average daily milk yield per cow or buffalo, which he said had risen from less than five litres in 2013-14 to nearly eight litres. Fisheries, honey production and diversification of rural livelihoods. The Prime Minister also highlighted fisheries and beekeeping as emerging sources of supplementary income for rural households. He said India’s seafood exports had more than doubled, reflecting the expansion of the fisheries sector and the growing role of cooperatives. The fisheries sector has considerable potential to generate employment across production, processing, cold-chain logistics and exports. Its expansion can also help diversify rural incomes and reduce dependence on conventional agricultural activities. Similarly, beekeeping has emerged as an important supplementary occupation, particularly for small farmers and women associated with self-help groups. Prime Minister Modi said honey production had doubled over the past 12 years and described the contribution of women’s self-help groups to the sector as significant. He also noted that India had become the world’s second-largest exporter of natural honey.

Women And Children In The Development Framework: The Prime Minister’s development programme also included initiatives directed towards women and children. More than 4,000 modernAnganwadis were inaugurated across Gujarat, which, according to Modi, would benefit approximately four lakh children and pregnant women. Anganwadi centres occupy an important position in India’s public welfare framework, particularly in the areas of early childhood care, nutrition, maternal health and community-level support. Modernising these facilities can improve the quality of services available to children and women, particularly in rural and economically weaker communities.

Infra, Connectivity As Engines Of Economic Growth: Infrastructure development formed another important component of the Banaskantha programme. The Prime Minister highlighted the launch of two railway services, the Ahmedabad-Varanasi Sabarmati Express and the Mehsana-Becharaji-Sabarmati MEMU train. He also referred to the expansion of Ahmedabad Metro, including projects connecting GIFT City and the airport, and the proposed expansion of the Ahmedabad-Mehsana highway from four lanes to eight lanes. These projects underline the relationship between connectivity and economic development. Reliable transport infrastructure reduces travel time, improves access to markets, facilitates the movement of goods and strengthens connections between commercial centres.

PM Modi Reflects On 25 Years Of Public Service: During his address, the Prime Minister also reflected on completing 25 years of service as the head of a government, recalling that he first took oath on October 7, 2001, as Chief Minister of Gujarat. He expressed gratitude to the people of Gujarat for their continued support and guidance throughout his public life. Recalling his initial years in government, Modi said he had entered public administration without prior experience of government offices and official files but had learned through the support and guidance of the people. He credited the citizens of Gujarat for shaping his public service journey and said his commitment to serving the country would continue until the last moment of his life. “Until the final moment of my life, I will remain devoted only to your service,” he said. The reference to his 25-year journey placed the Gujarat development experience within a broader narrative of public service, administrative responsibility and the evolution of his political career. He also recalled the water and electricity shortages that affected parts of Gujarat in the past, urging citizens to continue conserving both resources. The emphasis on water management carries particular relevance for agricultural regions such as Banaskantha, where irrigation and groundwater availability are critical to agricultural productivity. The Prime Minister referred to the role of Narmada waters and drip irrigation in changing agricultural conditions in North Gujarat. He also highlighted the expansion of food-processing facilities, including increased capacity at the potato processing plant, which he said would benefit potato growers in the region.

Economic Resilience Amid Global Uncertainty: The Prime Minister also referred to the impact of international uncertainty on agricultural inputs, particularly fertilisers and raw materials. He said the government had taken measures to protect Indian farmers from the impact of rising international prices and ensure the availability of essential agricultural inputs. Citing the example of urea and DAP, Modi said the government was providing fertilisers to Indian farmers at prices substantially lower than those prevailing in international markets. He maintained that the objective was to prevent global price fluctuations from placing an excessive financial burden on domestic cultivators.

The Bigger Vision | Linking Unity With Self-Reliance: Taken together, the Prime Minister’s engagements on October 31 presented a development narrative connecting historical national integration with contemporary priorities of economic growth, scientific innovation and rural transformation. The tribute to Sardar Patel highlighted the importance of national unity as a foundation of India’s political and institutional framework. The successful GSLV-F18 mission carrying NVS-03 reflected the growing role of indigenous technology in strengthening strategic and civilian capabilities. Meanwhile, the Banaskantha development package brought attention to the importance of agriculture, dairy, food processing, connectivity and rural entrepreneurship in expanding economic opportunities. These sectors are interconnected rather than independent policy areas. Technological progress can improve agricultural productivity; better infrastructure can connect producers with markets; financial support can reduce economic vulnerability; and stronger rural enterprises can generate employment beyond traditional farming.

Kashmir Horizon View: As India observes Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, the broader significance of the occasion lies in connecting the country’s historical experience with its contemporary development ambitions. Sardar Patel’s contribution to national integration remains an enduring part of India’s history, while the country’s present aspirations require institutions, scientific establishments, economic sectors and citizens to work towards shared national objectives. The Prime Minister’s address in Gujarat placed farmers, livestock rearers, scientists, women, children and infrastructure development within this larger framework. The focus on rural prosperity suggests an approach in which agricultural growth is supported by modern technology, diversified livelihoods, processing facilities and better connectivity. The emphasis on NavIC and the ISRO mission, meanwhile, reflects the increasing importance of scientific capabilities in shaping India’s economic and strategic future. Ultimately, the success of the development agenda will be determined by its outcomes: higher and more stable farm incomes, improved rural employment, better public services, stronger technological capabilities and wider access to economic opportunities. The message emerging from the Prime Minister’s engagements was that the journey towards a developed India must draw strength from national unity while advancing through scientific innovation, economic self-reliance and inclusive development.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

The sacrifices of police personnel, the changing nature of internal security threats and the responsibility of building a safer, more prosperous society emerged as central themes of Police Commemoration Day, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Home Minister Amit Shah and Defence Minister Rajnath Singh underscored the indispensable role of police and security forces in safeguarding India’s security and development. While PM Modi paid tribute to police personnel who lost their lives in the line of duty, Shah highlighted progress against terrorism and Left-Wing Extremism, setting December 31, 2029, as the target for eliminating the drug menace. Rajnath Singh, addressing the commemoration in 2025, had emphasised the relationship between security, public confidence, technological modernisation and the national ambition of becoming a developed country by 2047. Together, these messages present a broader understanding of policing: national security is not merely about preventing violence or confronting hostile elements; it also involves protecting citizens, strengthening institutions, ensuring justice and creating conditions in which communities can pursue education, livelihoods and development without fear. The occasion also provided an opportunity to reflect on the human cost of maintaining internal security and the responsibility of the state towards families whose loved ones made the supreme sacrifice.

A National Tribute To Extraordinary Service: In his message, Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed gratitude to police personnel for their commitment under challenging circumstances, recognising their contribution to maintaining law and order, combating crime, responding to emergencies and protecting citizens. He paid solemn tribute to those who laid down their lives while performing their duties, stating that their courage, dedication and sacrifice would remain etched in the nation’s memory. The Prime Minister’s message reflected the wide scope of police responsibilities in a country as large and diverse as India. Police personnel are required to manage public gatherings, investigate offences, respond to disasters, protect vulnerable citizens and maintain order during situations that can change rapidly. Their contribution often becomes visible during major security incidents or emergencies, but much of their work takes place away from public attention. Routine patrols, investigations, crime prevention and assistance to citizens collectively sustain the sense of security necessary for everyday life. The significance of Police Commemoration Day therefore extends beyond remembering those who died in service. It recognises the institutional contribution of police personnel whose work enables communities, businesses, educational institutions and public services to function. The day also highlights the need to strengthen the working conditions, professional capabilities and welfare systems of those entrusted with these responsibilities.

Remembering The Origins Of Police Commemoration Day : Police Commemoration Day is observed annually on October 21 in memory of ten Central Reserve Police Force personnel who laid down their lives in 1959 while confronting an attack by heavily armed Chinese troops at Hot Springs in Ladakh. The incident became a defining moment in the history of police sacrifice and established the foundation for the annual observance.The National Police Memorial in New Delhi, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2018, serves as a national symbol of recognition for police personnel who have died in the line of duty. It provides a place where citizens can remember those whose service helped protect the country’s security and integrity. Addressing the commemoration in 2026, Shah said that 36,852 police personnel had made the supreme sacrifice since Independence, including 154 personnel during the year. Their names represent individual lives, families and communities permanently affected by the consequences of duty. The figures also underline the scale of responsibility carried by police organisations across the country, including state police forces, central armed police forces and specialised units deployed in difficult security environments. Home Minister Amit Shah said the nation remained indebted to the fallen personnel and their families, acknowledging that the loss of a loved one could never be adequately compensated. Such recognition carries an important public responsibility. Honouring the fallen must involve not only preserving their memory but also ensuring that their families receive timely assistance, financial security and access to essential services.

Security Gains Create Opportunities For Development: Shah described 2026 as a significant year for India’s internal security, pointing to the government’s announcement that Left-Wing Extremism had been eliminated by March 31, following decades of violence. He recalled that Naxal-related violence between 1981 and March 2026 had claimed more than 3,600 security personnel and approximately 13,700 civilians. The figures illustrate the human consequences of prolonged internal conflict and the importance of restoring stability in affected regions. Home Minister Shah credited the Chhattisgarh Police, Central Armed Police Forces, Central Reserve Police Force and its specialisedCoBRA battalion for their contribution to the campaign against Left-Wing Extremism. He also highlighted improvements in the internal security situation in Jammu and Kashmir and the Northeast, arguing that areas previously associated with prolonged conflict were increasingly positioned to pursue development. The broader significance of such changes lies in the opportunities that security improvements can create. Schools and colleges can operate more consistently, infrastructure projects can advance, businesses can invest and local communities can pursue economic activities with greater confidence. In areas affected by violence, the restoration of normalcy can also improve access to healthcare, administration and welfare programmes. However, the transition from security gains to sustained development requires continued attention to employment, education, connectivity, public services and the concerns of local communities. Security operations can reduce the immediate threat of violence, but lasting stability depends on institutions that remain accessible, responsive and capable of delivering tangible benefits. The challenge is to ensure that peace becomes a foundation for opportunity rather than simply a period of reduced conflict.

The Drug Menace| A National Priority: Home Minister Amit Shah announced a coordinated nationwide campaign against narcotics, setting December 31, 2029, as the target for making India free from the drug menace. He called upon police forces to dedicate the remaining months of 2026 and the following years to a determined campaign, describing narcotics as a threat to future generations, the economy and national security.He also warned that proceeds from drug-related activities could provide financial support to organisations engaged in anti-national activities.The announcement places drug trafficking within a wider framework of public health, organised crime and national security. For law enforcement agencies, the challenge involves identifying trafficking networks, tracing illicit financial transactions, improving coordination across jurisdictions and bringing those responsible to justice. Effective action requires cooperation among police forces, intelligence agencies, border authorities and other relevant institutions.Yet a successful anti-drug strategy cannot depend on enforcement alone. Substance dependence can affect individuals, families and communities, creating consequences for education, employment, physical well-being and social relationships. Prevention, early intervention, treatment and rehabilitation must therefore complement action against traffickers. Schools, colleges, healthcare institutions, community organisations and families can contribute through awareness programmes and support systems that encourage people to seek help. Young people, in particular, need access to credible information, counselling, recreational opportunities and meaningful educational and employment pathways.The 2029 target offers a clear national objective, but its effectiveness will ultimately depend on implementation, coordination and measurable improvements in both enforcement and prevention.The central test will be whether the campaign weakens organised trafficking networks while reducing the harm associated with substance abuse.

From Public Order To Public Trust : Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, addressing Police Commemoration Day in 2025, described police and military institutions as pillars of national security, emphasising that their responsibilities differ but contribute to the common objective of protecting the nation. He noted that the armed forces safeguard the country’s geographical integrity, while the police protect society and its internal security. Singh also highlighted the changing nature of crime, observing that organised criminal activity, terrorism and ideological conflicts could undermine social trust and institutional stability. His remarks placed public confidence at the centre of effective policing. A police force may possess operational strength and advanced equipment, but its long-term effectiveness also depends on the confidence citizens place in its fairness, professionalism and responsiveness. For ordinary citizens, policing is experienced through everyday interactions: the registration of complaints, the conduct of investigations, assistance during emergencies and the treatment of victims. When complaints are addressed promptly and investigations are conducted impartially, public confidence grows. When vulnerable citizens receive protection and legal procedures are followed consistently, the credibility of institutions improves. Citizen cooperation also becomes more effective when people believe that the law protects them fairly. This relationship is particularly important in a diverse society, where public order must be maintained alongside constitutional rights, individual dignity and the peaceful expression of differences.The wider objective is to build policing systems that are firm against crime, professional in their methods and accessible to the communities they serve.

“Digital systems can also support record management, complaint tracking and coordination between agencies, potentially reducing delays and improving administrative transparency….…..”

Modernisation For Emerging Security Challenges:  Defence Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted improvements in police capabilities, including modern weapons, surveillance systems, drones, forensic laboratories and digital policing. He also stressed the need for coordination among security agencies and the effective utilisation of resources provided for police modernisation. These developments reflect the changing character of law enforcement. Criminal networks increasingly exploit digital platforms, financial systems and communication technologies, while investigations may require sophisticated forensic analysis and cooperation across geographical boundaries. Technology can improve the speed and accuracy of investigations, strengthen intelligence analysis and help police respond more efficiently to emergencies. Digital systems can also support record management, complaint tracking and coordination between agencies, potentially reducing delays and improving administrative transparency. However, modernisation requires more than purchasing equipment. Personnel must receive appropriate training, investigative procedures must be updated and institutions must develop the capacity to use technology responsibly. Data protection, lawful surveillance, evidence integrity and accountability are equally important. Technological tools should strengthen the rule of law rather than replace professional judgment or established legal safeguards. The effective integration of technology with skilled personnel can help police organisations respond to emerging threats while maintaining public confidence. For India’s development ambitions, a modern and capable police system is an important institutional asset, supporting economic activity, public safety and the reliable functioning of democratic processes.

Police Welfare Is Part Of National Security: The three leaders’ messages also draw attention to the people behind the uniform.Police personnel and central armed police forces often work long hours, serve away from their families and remain on duty during elections, festivals, protests, disasters and security operations. Home Minister Amit Shah specifically acknowledged the contribution of central forces deployed along borders and within the country, noting their role in maintaining security and enabling democratic processes. The sacrifices made by personnel also impose a lasting responsibility on the state towards their families.Financial assistance, timely settlement of benefits, educational support for children, healthcare access and counselling services can help families navigate the consequences of losing a loved one. Support should be accessible through clear procedures, with administrative delays minimised and families informed about their entitlements. The welfare of serving personnel is equally important. Adequate rest, training, equipment, housing, healthcare and opportunities for professional development contribute to morale and operational effectiveness. These measures are not separate from national security. Personnel who are properly equipped, professionally supported and confident in their institutions are better positioned to discharge demanding responsibilities. A culture of institutional care also strengthens recruitment, retention and public respect for police service. Commemoration becomes meaningful when the state’s gratitude is reflected in practical support for those who serve and those who bear the consequences of their sacrifice.

Partnership Between Police And Society: Singh emphasised that police and society are interdependent, arguing that effective policing requires citizens to cooperate with law enforcement and respect the law. This principle recognises that security cannot be sustained by institutions acting in isolation. Citizens can contribute by reporting offences, sharing credible information, resisting misinformation and participating in community initiatives aimed at preventing crime. Community engagement can help identify local concerns early, improve communication and strengthen cooperation between residents and law enforcement agencies.At the same time, police organisations must maintain impartiality, explain their actions where appropriate and provide accessible mechanisms for addressing grievances.Public trust grows when cooperation is based on mutual respect rather than fear or compulsion. Such partnerships can be particularly valuable in preventing drug abuse, protecting children, supporting victims of crime and resolving local disputes before they escalate. They also strengthen social resilience against attempts to spread hostility or disrupt communal harmony. The objective is not to transfer the responsibilities of law enforcement to citizens, but to build a relationship in which professional policing and responsible public participation reinforce each other.

The Road Towards Viksit Bharat: India’s ambition of becoming a developed nation by 2047 requires progress across economic, technological and social sectors. It also requires institutions capable of protecting citizens, enforcing the law and maintaining an environment conducive to development.The messages delivered on Police Commemoration Day connect these national ambitions with the everyday responsibilities of police personnel. Security creates the conditions in which infrastructure can expand, businesses can operate, educational institutions can function and communities can pursue opportunities. Public confidence, in turn, strengthens the legitimacy and effectiveness of institutions responsible for maintaining that security. The elimination of longstanding security threats, the prevention of narcotics-related harm and the modernisation of law enforcement can contribute to this broader objective.

Kashmir Horizon View: Police Commemoration Day honours those who gave their lives in service of the nation, while reminding society that security is sustained through courage, professionalism and collective responsibility. Prime Minister Modi’s tribute recognised the invaluable contribution of police personnel. Shah highlighted the continuing fight against internal security threats and set a national target against the drug menace. Singh’s earlier address emphasised modernisation, public trust and the relationship between security and development. Sinha’s message brought these themes into the specific context of Jammu and Kashmir, with its continuing priorities of peace, counterterrorism, public safety and support for martyrs’ families. Together, these messages point towards a broader national objective: building institutions that can confront threats effectively while protecting citizens’ rights, strengthening social confidence and enabling development.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

The Jammu and Kashmir Police’s long and difficult battle against terrorism, the sacrifices made by its personnel and the continuing challenge of safeguarding peace formed the centrepiece of Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha’s message on Police Commemoration Day on Wednesday, as he paid tribute to police personnel who laid down their lives in the line of duty. Remembering the courage, dedication and patriotism of the fallen personnel, Sinha described their sacrifice as an enduring source of inspiration for Jammu and Kashmir and the country. His message, however, extended beyond ceremonial remembrance, outlining a broader security and governance agenda that places the elimination of terrorism alongside public safety, the welfare of martyrs’ families, protection of vulnerable communities and the creation of conditions necessary for sustained development. The Lieutenant Governor’s address underscored a central proposition: peace in Jammu and Kashmir cannot be measured merely by the absence of violence. It must also be reflected in the safety of ordinary citizens, the protection of their rights, the availability of justice, the prevention of drug abuse and trafficking, and the ability of institutions to function without intimidation. At the same time, his firm warning to those supporting terrorism highlighted the administration’s stated determination to pursue terrorist networks and their support structures through law enforcement. “ Our goal is to identify and root out terrorism and every element associated with it in Jammu Kashmir,” Sinha said, calling upon people to strengthen their resolve against separatist and terrorist elements.

A Legacy Of Sacrifice: Police Commemoration Day is an occasion to remember personnel who have died while performing their duties. In Jammu and Kashmir, the observance carries particular significance because of the prolonged security challenges faced by the police and other security forces. The Jammu and Kashmir Police has operated in circumstances in which routine policing, counterterrorism operations, public order management and emergency response have often overlapped. Its personnel have been required to perform duties ranging from investigating ordinary crimes and maintaining public order to responding to terrorist violence and assisting civilians during natural disasters and other emergencies. Lt Governor Sinha acknowledged this wide-ranging responsibility, describing the force’s history as one marked by courage, discipline and an unwavering commitment to duty. “Thousands of personnel of the Jammu Kashmir Police force have laid down their lives in the fight against terrorism,” he said, adding that their contribution would remain an inspiration for the country. The significance of the tribute lies in recognising that the cost of counterterrorism is not borne exclusively by personnel deployed on the ground. It extends to their families, who must cope with the loss of loved ones and the permanent changes that follow.

Security Remains Central To The Peace Agenda: Lt Governor Sinha’s address placed the elimination of terrorism and its support networks at the centre of the security agenda. He called for a sustained effort to identify and dismantle the elements associated with terrorism and warned those providing support to terrorist activities that they would face action under the law. “I warn those elements within Jammu Kashmir who support terrorism that your days are over. Even if you attempt to hide in Pataal, we will find you and ensure that you are punished under the law,” he said. The statement reflects the administration’s emphasis on pursuing not only those directly involved in terrorist violence but also the networks that facilitate, finance or otherwise support such activities. From a governance perspective, the distinction is important. Terrorist violence can have consequences far beyond the immediate victims, disrupting economic activity, restricting movement, weakening public confidence and undermining the functioning of institutions. Its support structures can also complicate efforts to establish lasting stability. However, a durable security framework requires more than operational success. Intelligence-led policing, effective investigation, coordination among security agencies and timely prosecution are essential components of a sustainable response. Equally important is adherence to the law and due process. Effective counterterrorism depends on the ability of institutions to distinguish between criminal conduct and lawful activity, establish responsibility through evidence and ensure accountability through the justice system. Lt Governor Sinha’s emphasis on punishment under the law provides the legal framework within which the administration’s stated resolve must operate. The broader objective is to create an environment in which terrorism loses its capacity to intimidate citizens, disrupt daily life or undermine confidence in public institutions.

Police, Army And CAPFs Share The Responsibility: The Lieutenant Governor recognised the contributions of the Jammu and Kashmir Police, the Indian Army and the Central Armed Police Forces, describing their role in protecting the country’s security and integrity as particularly important during a period of national transformation. He noted that India was moving towards its ambition of becoming a developed nation and argued that peace, stability and progress in Jammu and Kashmir were essential to that journey. “In this journey, peace, stability, and progress in Jammu Kashmir are of special importance, and the major responsibility of ensuring them rests on the shoulders of the Police, army and CAPFs,” he said. The observation connects security with development. A stable environment allows educational institutions to operate, businesses to expand, tourists to travel, public services to reach communities and young people to pursue opportunities without the disruption caused by violence. For Jammu and Kashmir, where livelihoods in sectors such as tourism, horticulture, handicrafts and services depend substantially on public confidence and uninterrupted economic activity, stability has implications extending well beyond the security establishment. Yet the relationship between security and development works in both directions. While peace creates opportunities for investment and employment, inclusive economic growth, access to education and confidence in public institutions can also strengthen social resilience against violence and radicalisation. The challenge, therefore, is to ensure that security measures and development initiatives reinforce each other. The police have a particularly important role in this process because they are among the public institutions with which citizens interact most frequently. Their conduct during investigations, traffic management, public gatherings, emergencies and routine complaints can influence how people perceive the administration as a whole.

From Counterterrorism To Citizen-Centric Policing : One of the significant aspects of LG Sinha’s message was his emphasis on the police uniform as a symbol of service and responsibility rather than authority alone. He said the true measure of policing lay in ensuring public safety, delivering justice and standing by society during times of need and crisis. This formulation broadens the understanding of police performance. While counterterrorism operations and the prevention of violent incidents remain critical, everyday policing is equally important to public confidence. For a citizen approaching a police station, the effectiveness of the system may be judged by whether a complaint is registered promptly, an investigation is conducted fairly, a victim receives assistance and a grievance is addressed without unnecessary delay. Similarly, vulnerable citizens may assess the credibility of the institution through the protection available to them when they face threats, abuse, exploitation or intimidation.

“Lieutenant Governor’s message placed farmers at the centre of this process, calling on engineers and innovators to develop tools that are practical, affordable and durable.….”

Protection Of Women, Children And Vulnerable Groups: Lt Governor Sinha also called for stronger measures to prevent crimes against women and children, protect vulnerable sections of society and ensure timely justice for victims. He emphasised the need for continuous review of systems designed to monitor and control such crimes, suggesting that existing arrangements must be assessed for their effectiveness and improved wherever necessary. The issue is significant because the experience of safety extends beyond counterterrorism. Women, children and vulnerable individuals require reliable mechanisms to report offences, receive immediate protection and access justice without facing intimidation or repeated hardship. The Lieutenant Governor’s call to review monitoring and control mechanisms is therefore relevant to the larger question of how policing can become more responsive to the everyday concerns of citizens. A secure society is one in which people are protected not only from organised violence but also from crimes and exploitation within their communities and homes.

The Challenge Of Drugs And Narco-Terrorism: The fight against drug trafficking and narco-terrorism was another major priority highlighted in the address.Sinha called for a collective commitment to a drug-free Jammu and Kashmir and stressed the need to confront the networks associated with narcotics and terrorism. The issue has two interconnected dimensions. Drug trafficking is a criminal activity that can generate illicit profits and expose communities, particularly young people, to serious social and health-related harms. Narco-terrorism, meanwhile, raises security concerns where proceeds from narcotics-related activities are used to finance or facilitate terrorist networks. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated enforcement, intelligence sharing, effective financial investigations and action against organised trafficking networks. However, a comprehensive response must also recognise the public-health dimension of substance dependence. Individuals struggling with addiction may require treatment, rehabilitation, counselling and social support alongside appropriate action against those involved in trafficking and exploitation. Prevention is equally important. Awareness programmes, accessible treatment services, community participation and support for families can help reduce the social damage associated with substance abuse. Young people need credible opportunities in education, employment, sports and other constructive activities. Such opportunities cannot replace law enforcement, but they can contribute to stronger communities and reduce vulnerabilities that criminal networks may exploit. The objective of a drug-free Jammu and Kashmir therefore requires a combination of firm action against traffickers, disruption of illicit financial networks, prevention of substance abuse and sustained rehabilitation efforts.

Martyrs’ Families And The Responsibility Of The State: The Lieutenant Governor’s assurance to the families of police martyrs was among the most significant humanitarian elements of his message. Public recognition of sacrifice has symbolic value, but the welfare of families demands practical and sustained measures. The loss of an earning member can affect household finances, children’s education, healthcare access and long-term security. For this reason, welfare programmes must be designed and implemented with attention to the different needs of affected families. Timely payment of benefits, clear communication regarding entitlements, assistance with documentation and dedicated grievance-redressal mechanisms can make a meaningful difference.

Peace As A Collective Responsibility: Lt Governor Sinha called upon citizens to uphold unity, communal harmony and mutual trust while remaining vigilant against forces seeking to disturb peace and stability. The appeal is significant in a socially diverse region where public confidence depends on the ability of communities to coexist peacefully and resolve differences through lawful and democratic means. Security agencies can respond to threats, but lasting peace also depends on the conduct of citizens, community institutions and public representatives. Rumours, misinformation, communal hostility and attempts to provoke violence can damage social relations and create conditions in which insecurity spreads beyond its immediate source. Community participation, responsible communication, awareness of legal obligations and cooperation with lawful investigations can contribute to a more resilient society.

Kashmir Horizon View: Police Commemoration Day provides an opportunity to honour those who made the supreme sacrifice, but it also invites reflection on the responsibilities that follow their sacrifice. The administration’s stated priorities—eliminating terrorism, supporting martyrs’ families, protecting women and children, combating drug trafficking and strengthening public safety—require sustained implementation and measurable outcomes. Progress can be assessed through the effectiveness of investigations, the quality of victim support, the timely delivery of welfare benefits, improvements in access to justice and the ability of communities to participate in public life without fear. The strength of a policing institution is ultimately reflected in its ability to protect citizens while upholding the law. Operational capability, professional integrity, public accountability and sensitivity towards vulnerable people are complementary rather than competing objectives. For Jammu and Kashmir, the stakes are especially high. Lasting peace would create greater space for education, entrepreneurship, tourism, investment and the aspirations of a younger generation seeking stability and opportunity. The sacrifices of police personnel and other security forces have been central to the region’s security experience. Honouring those sacrifices requires continued vigilance against terrorism, but it also calls for institutions that deliver justice, support affected families and protect the dignity and safety of ordinary citizens. As Lt Governor Sinha paid tribute to the fallen personnel, he described their courage as a source of inspiration for strengthening peace, unity and security. The enduring significance of Police Commemoration Day lies in translating that inspiration into institutional responsibility: ensuring that those who serve are supported, those who suffer receive justice, those who are vulnerable are protected and citizens can pursue their lives without fear. For Jammu and Kashmir, that remains the broader promise of peace—not simply the absence of violence, but the presence of security, trust, justice and opportunities for all.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed significant changes in its development priorities and administrative functioning since 2019, with infrastructure expansion, digital governance, tourism promotion and investment attraction emerging as key pillars of its growth strategy. Under Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha, who assumed office in August 2020, the administration has focused on improving public service delivery, accelerating development projects, strengthening institutional mechanisms and expanding economic opportunities. The transformation reflects a combination of central government investment, administrative initiatives, improved connectivity and sustained efforts to promote Jammu and Kashmir as a destination for tourism, entrepreneurship and industrial activity. From railway connectivity through the Himalayas to the digitisation of public services, the changes are creating new possibilities for residents, businesses and visitors. The emerging development model rests on six interconnected pillars: security and stability, digital governance, infrastructure, industrial investment, tourism and grassroots development. Together, these initiatives offer a framework for strengthening the region’s economic potential and improving the delivery of public services.

Security, Stability Create Space For Development: A stable environment is essential for economic activity, education, tourism and public administration. Jammu and Kashmir has made progress in restoring regular commercial activity and reducing the disruptions associated with organised shutdowns that previously affected everyday life. The administration has pursued a security framework focused on counterterrorism, action against terror financing and the protection of public institutions. These measures have been accompanied by efforts to improve administrative responsiveness and maintain continuity in educational, commercial and government activities. The benefits of greater operational continuity extend across sectors. Businesses can plan their activities more effectively, educational institutions can maintain academic schedules, and tourism enterprises can invest in accommodation, transport and visitor services. A more predictable operating environment also helps create opportunities for local entrepreneurs and service providers. Sustaining these gains remains important for the region’s long-term development. Continued improvements in public safety, community engagement and institutional effectiveness can strengthen confidence among investors, visitors and residents. The development objective is to ensure that stability translates into wider opportunities, allowing people across urban and rural areas to participate in economic growth.

Digital Governance Brings Services Closer To Citizens: One of the most significant administrative initiatives has been the expansion of online public services. Jammu and Kashmir has progressively digitised government processes, making a wider range of certificates, registrations, revenue services and other administrative facilities accessible through digital platforms. The administration has reported an expansion from a relatively limited online service portfolio before the 2019 reorganisation to more than 1,100 services in the subsequent period. This expansion represents an important step towards a more accessible and technology-enabled system of governance. Online services can reduce the need for repeated visits to government offices, save travel expenses and simplify routine procedures. For residents in remote areas, where accessing administrative offices can involve considerable time and cost, digital delivery can be particularly beneficial. The Public Services Guarantee Act and related time-bound service delivery mechanisms provide an additional framework for improving accountability. Escalation arrangements for delayed applications can encourage departments to process requests within prescribed timelines. Digitisation of land records and the introduction of land passbooks have also improved access to property-related information. These initiatives can help citizens verify records, understand ownership details and reduce uncertainty in land transactions. Financial management systems such as the Budget Estimation, Allocation and Monitoring System (BEAMS), along with technology-based monitoring of public works, have strengthened the administration’s capacity to track expenditure and project implementation. The next phase of digital governance can build on these foundations through wider citizen assistance, improved digital literacy and transparent performance reporting. By combining online access with effective support at the local level, Jammu and Kashmir can continue moving towards a more efficient and citizen-friendly administration.

Infrastructure Connects Jammu And Kashmir With New Opportunities: Infrastructure development has emerged as one of the most visible components of the region’s transformation. Railway projects, tunnels, bridges, highway improvements and power investments are helping address geographical challenges and creating new possibilities for trade, mobility and tourism. The completion and dedication of the Udhampur-Srinagar-Baramulla Rail Link in June 2025 marked a historic milestone in the region’s connectivity. The approximately 272-kilometre railway project, built at a reported cost of around ₹43,780 crore, includes major engineering achievements such as the Chenab Rail Bridge, the world’s highest railway arch bridge, and the Anji Khad cable-stayed railway bridge. The railway connection has the potential to transform passenger travel and create new opportunities for freight movement. Better rail connectivity can support the movement of agricultural produce, handicrafts, industrial goods and consumer products while expanding travel options for residents and tourists. For the horticulture sector, improved transport infrastructure could complement existing road networks and strengthen market access. As freight facilities and logistics services develop, growers and traders may gain additional options for transporting produce to markets outside the Valley. Road projects are equally important. The Jammu-Srinagar National Highway remains a critical economic lifeline, while the Z-Morh and Zojila tunnel projects are designed to improve connectivity through challenging Himalayan terrain. These projects can support more reliable transportation, improve access to remote areas and strengthen the movement of essential goods. Power generation is another important component of the development strategy. Hydropower projects, including Ratle, Kiru and Kwar, are expected to strengthen electricity generation capacity over time. Better power availability can support households, businesses, tourism establishments and industrial units. Investment in healthcare and educational infrastructure complements these initiatives. New medical institutions, upgraded facilities and expanded public programmes can improve access to essential services, particularly when supported by adequate staffing, equipment and resources. Together, these projects are creating the physical foundations for a more connected and economically integrated Jammu and Kashmir.

“Sustainable tourism planning will be important in preserving the natural environment that makes Jammu and Kashmir distinctive. Responsible waste management, water conservation, improved public facilities and community participation can help ensure that tourism growth remains beneficial over the long term…”

Industrial Investment And Entrepreneurship Expand The Economic Horizon:  The Government has worked to attract industrial investment and diversify the regional economy through incentives, policy reforms and entrepreneurship programmes. The New Central Sector Scheme for Industrial Development, introduced in 2021 with an outlay of ₹28,400 crore, was designed to encourage fresh investment and industrial expansion. Its incentives seek to improve the attractiveness of Jammu and Kashmir for manufacturing and other productive activities. The scale of investment interest reflects the region’s potential in sectors such as food processing, information technology, tourism services, handicrafts, renewable energy and horticulture-related industries. For Jammu and Kashmir, industrial development offers an opportunity to complement traditional livelihoods with new sources of employment. Food-processing facilities, modern cold storage, packaging units and value-addition enterprises can strengthen the horticulture economy by helping producers reach markets with higher-value products. The handicraft and handloom sectors can benefit from digital marketplaces, branding initiatives and improved access to national and international consumers. Similarly, technology-based enterprises can use the region’s educated workforce to develop services in software, digital marketing, education technology and other emerging fields. Entrepreneurship initiatives are also creating avenues for young people to explore self-employment and innovative business models. Start-ups can help address local needs while generating employment and expanding the private sector. Mission YUVA and other enterprise-support initiatives provide a framework for promoting entrepreneurship, skills and access to financial assistance. Their potential impact lies in connecting training and funding with viable business opportunities and sustained market demand. The emphasis on Global Capability Centres and technology-led services could further broaden the economic base if accompanied by reliable connectivity, skilled talent, business infrastructure and long-term investment. The next opportunity is to deepen the connection between investment and local economic participation. Stronger industrial linkages with farmers, artisans, small businesses and educational institutions can ensure that economic expansion benefits a wider section of society.

Tourism Growth Strengthens Local Livelihoods: Tourism remains one of Jammu and Kashmir’s most important economic sectors, supporting hotels, guesthouses, transport operators, guides, restaurants, artisans and small businesses. Official data released by the Union Ministry of Tourism recorded approximately 2.07 crore domestic tourist visits to Jammu and Kashmir in 2023 and 2.35 crore in 2024. The figures underline the scale of domestic travel and the importance of tourism to the regional economy. The expansion of tourism has been supported by promotional campaigns, improved connectivity, the development of new destinations and efforts to diversify visitor experiences beyond established centres. Gulmarg, Pahalgam and Srinagar continue to attract visitors through their natural landscapes, cultural heritage and recreational opportunities. At the same time, destinations such as Gurez, Keran, Lolab and Teetwal offer scope for rural and border tourism, creating possibilities for local communities to participate directly in the visitor economy. Rural tourism can generate supplementary income for households through homestays, local transport, food services, handicrafts and guided experiences. It can also encourage the preservation of traditional architecture, cuisine and cultural practices. The film sector offers another avenue for economic activity. A supportive film policy and streamlined permission processes can help attract production houses while generating work for local technicians, hospitality providers, transport operators and artists. Pilgrimage tourism, including visits to the Shri Amarnathji shrine and Mata Vaishno Devi, also contributes to the region’s service economy. Improvements in transport, accommodation and visitor facilities can strengthen the experience of pilgrims while creating additional business opportunities. Sustainable tourism planning will be important in preserving the natural environment that makes Jammu and Kashmir distinctive. Responsible waste management, water conservation, improved public facilities and community participation can help ensure that tourism growth remains beneficial over the long term. The broader opportunity is to develop a tourism economy that combines higher visitor satisfaction with better local incomes, more employment and wider participation by small enterprises.

Grassroots Development And Youth Participation: Local institutions, entrepreneurship programmes and social welfare initiatives form another important part of Jammu and Kashmir’s development framework. Panchayati Raj institutions, block-level bodies and District Development Councils provide platforms for addressing local development needs. Their role in identifying priorities such as roads, drinking water, drainage, sanitation and public facilities can help ensure that development programmes respond to community requirements. Effective coordination among local institutions and administrative departments can improve the identification and implementation of projects. Greater transparency in fund allocation and project monitoring can further strengthen public confidence. Youth development is equally significant. With a large number of educated young people, Jammu and Kashmir has considerable potential to expand entrepreneurship, technology services, sports, tourism and creative industries. Skill-development initiatives can help connect young people with emerging employment opportunities, while business-support programmes can encourage them to establish enterprises in their own districts. The long-term value of these initiatives will be reflected in sustainable jobs, viable businesses and improved household incomes. Transparent recruitment procedures also remain important for young people aspiring to enter public service. Clear examination schedules, timely results and accessible grievance mechanisms can strengthen confidence in recruitment institutions. Healthcare initiatives, including Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY SEHAT, seek to improve financial access to medical treatment. Their effectiveness is reinforced by accessible hospitals, adequate medical staff and public awareness of available benefits. Similarly, support for education, sports and community infrastructure can help strengthen social development alongside economic growth. The central priority is to connect these programmes with measurable improvements in the everyday lives of residents, ensuring that development reaches both major towns and smaller communities.

Kashmir Horizon View: Jammu and Kashmir’s development journey under LG Manoj Sinha reflects an emphasis on administrative modernisation, physical connectivity, investment promotion and tourism expansion. Major railway milestones, a growing digital service network and initiatives to support entrepreneurship have contributed to a changing development landscape. These developments have also created opportunities to strengthen traditional sectors, including horticulture, handicrafts, handloom and small-scale tourism enterprises. Better infrastructure and digital access can help these industries reach wider markets and improve their competitiveness. The next phase can focus on converting infrastructure into productive economic activity, investment interest into operational enterprises, and online services into faster and more accessible public delivery. Expanding local employment, strengthening rural businesses and encouraging innovation can help distribute the gains of development more widely. Environmental sustainability will remain essential, particularly in a Himalayan region where tourism, agriculture, water resources and biodiversity are closely connected. Planning that combines economic expansion with conservation can protect the natural assets on which many livelihoods depend. Coordination between the Lieutenant Governor’s administration, the elected government, local institutions and civil society can further strengthen development planning. Transparent monitoring and public participation can help ensure that projects remain responsive to local needs. The progress achieved so far provides a foundation on which Jammu and Kashmir can continue building. Its geographical advantages, educated population, agricultural wealth, cultural heritage and tourism potential offer substantial opportunities for future growth. Ultimately, the success of the region’s development strategy will be measured by the opportunities it creates for residents: better connectivity for farmers, accessible services for citizens, new avenues for entrepreneurs, quality healthcare for families and meaningful employment for young people. With sustained investment, effective implementation and inclusive planning, Jammu and Kashmir can continue strengthening its position as a more connected, economically vibrant and opportunity-rich region.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

The Ladakh’s development priorities are increasingly being shaped by a combination of infrastructure expansion, environmental considerations, improved access to essential services and efforts to create new economic opportunities for its people. The inauguration of five development projects worth approximately ₹3,350 crore by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Wednesday brings these priorities into focus, with investments spanning air connectivity, roads, hydropower, water management and cultural heritage conservation. Inaugurated through video conferencing, the projects represent different dimensions of development in a region where geography, extreme weather and long distances have historically influenced economic activity and access to services. Their importance extends beyond the infrastructure created: they also raise questions about how improved connectivity, more reliable electricity and better water management can strengthen livelihoods, support tourism and expand opportunities for younger generations. The five projects include the expanded terminal at Kushok Bakula Rinpoche Airport in Leh, the Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road, the Hanu hydroelectric project and its associated transmission network, 40 reservoirs developed under Project Amrit Him Sarovar, and a Petroglyph Conservation Park in Leh. Addressing the inauguration, Modi said the projects would make travel easier, strengthen electricity infrastructure, improve water availability and contribute to the preservation of Ladakh’s ancient heritage. He also highlighted the need to provide young people with quality education, modern skills and improved sporting facilities within the region. The broader development approach reflected in these initiatives is significant for Ladakh, where economic growth must be considered alongside ecological sensitivity, cultural identity and the practical challenges of living in a high-altitude landscape.

Connectivity| Opening New Possibilities For Ladakh: Connectivity remains one of the most consequential factors shaping Ladakh’s economic prospects. The region’s mountainous terrain, long winters and dependence on a limited number of transport corridors affect the movement of people, goods and essential supplies. Improvements in road and air infrastructure can therefore influence tourism, trade, healthcare access and the delivery of public services. The expanded terminal at Kushok Bakula  Rinpoche Airport in Leh, developed at a reported cost of ₹650 crore, is designed to increase passenger-handling capacity from 10 lakh to 35 lakh annually. According to the Prime Minister, the facility triples the airport’s capacity and incorporates geothermal heating alongside solar energy to address the region’s climatic conditions. The expansion could help accommodate growing demand for air travel, particularly during peak tourist seasons. Greater passenger-handling capacity can improve the ability of the region to manage visitor arrivals while making travel more convenient for residents, business travellers and people seeking medical or educational services outside Ladakh. For tourism operators, hotels, homestays, taxi services, guides and local businesses, better air connectivity can provide access to a wider customer base. It may also make Ladakh more accessible for conferences, adventure tourism and other activities that depend on reliable travel arrangements. However, airport capacity is only one part of the tourism equation. The benefits will depend on the availability of accommodation, local transport, waste-management systems, trained workers and facilities capable of handling increased visitor numbers without placing excessive pressure on fragile ecosystems.

Power Infrastructure And The Challenge Of Reliable Energy: The inauguration of the Hanu hydroelectric project and its associated transmission network highlights another essential requirement for regional development: dependable electricity. Reliable power supports households, schools, hospitals, commercial establishments and small enterprises. In remote settlements, improvements in electricity infrastructure can reduce dependence on less reliable arrangements and help strengthen the delivery of essential services. For students, consistent electricity can improve access to digital learning and online educational resources. Healthcare facilities require dependable power for equipment, refrigeration and other essential functions. Businesses, meanwhile, need predictable electricity supplies to operate equipment, maintain communications and provide services.

Water Security And Climate Resilience: The dedication of 40 reservoirs developed under Project Amrit Him Sarovar brings water management into the centre of Ladakh’s development agenda. Water availability is fundamental to agriculture, horticulture, livestock rearing and the daily needs of communities. In a high-altitude region with limited growing seasons and difficult climatic conditions, the ability to store and manage water can influence agricultural productivity and the resilience of rural livelihoods. Prime Minister Modi said the reservoirs would help provide irrigation water to farmers when required during cultivation cycles. Their practical value will depend on local water availability, storage capacity, distribution arrangements and maintenance. Reservoirs can help manage seasonal supplies, but their effectiveness will be determined by whether they provide dependable access to water at the time and place it is needed. Water infrastructure also has a broader connection with climate resilience. Changes in temperature, precipitation patterns and the timing of snowmelt can affect water availability in mountain environments. Planning for these uncertainties requires careful monitoring, efficient use of available resources and coordination among communities and relevant departments. For agricultural households, improved water management can support efforts to diversify crops, improve productivity and reduce vulnerability to interruptions in supply. It can also help communities manage competing requirements for household consumption, livestock and cultivation.

Tourism And Livelihoods Beyond The Peak Season: Tourism remains an important source of economic activity in Ladakh, supporting accommodation providers, transport operators, restaurants, guides, adventure-tourism businesses and artisans. The region’s landscapes, monasteries, cultural traditions and winter conditions offer opportunities for a diverse tourism economy. During his address, Modi highlighted efforts to promote winter and adventure tourism and noted that homestays in Ladakh had increased from approximately 150 to 3,000. The expansion of homestays can create a direct link between tourism and household incomes. Unlike larger hospitality establishments, community-based accommodation can allow families to earn from spare rooms, traditional food, local knowledge and cultural experiences. Such enterprises may also create demand for local transport, food supplies, handicrafts and guiding services. If managed effectively, this can help spread tourism-related income across communities rather than concentrating it among a limited number of businesses. The promotion of winter tourism could further help businesses explore opportunities outside the main summer season. Activities associated with snow, ice hockey, mountaineering and other adventure pursuits can potentially diversify the visitor economy. However, winter tourism also requires investment in safety systems, trained personnel, emergency response arrangements, suitable accommodation and reliable transport. Weather-related disruptions and the environmental sensitivity of mountain destinations must remain central to planning.

Education,  Skills: Investing In The Next Generation: One of the most significant themes in Modi’s address was the need to expand educational and professional opportunities for Ladakh’s young population. He said a major Centre of Excellence was being built in Leh and referred to proposals for satellite campuses of IIT Jammu and IIM Jammu. The stated objective is to help local students access quality higher education, research facilities and modern skills without having to depend entirely on institutions in other cities. For students from remote and high-altitude communities, access to higher education can involve substantial financial and logistical challenges. Travel, accommodation and living expenses may place additional pressure on families, particularly when specialised courses are not available locally. Expanding educational opportunities within Ladakh could help address some of these barriers. A Centre of Excellence, if supported by strong academic programmes, qualified faculty, laboratories and industry partnerships, could create a platform for developing skills relevant to the region’s future economic needs. Areas such as renewable energy, environmental science, tourism management, digital technology, agriculture, mountain studies and entrepreneurship could have particular relevance, depending on the institution’s mandate and available resources.

“Digital platforms, online complaint systems, CCTV networks, forensic technologies and data-based policing are changing the way police agencies interact with citizens and investigate offences.Young officers with familiarity with technology can play an important role in accelerating this transition….”

The Sports As An Avenue For Youth Development: Prime Minister odi also highlighted the implementation of Ladakh’s new sports policy and efforts to provide young athletes with improved training and facilities. Ladakh has a distinctive sporting environment, particularly in ice hockey, winter sports and mountaineering. Local climatic conditions and terrain provide opportunities for activities that require specialised facilities, coaching and technical preparation. A structured sports policy can help identify promising athletes, improve access to coaching and provide more consistent support for participation in national and international competitions. Sports development can also have benefits beyond competition. Training facilities, organisedprogrammes and community participation can support physical fitness, discipline and confidence among young people. There may also be links between sports and tourism. Well-managed sporting events and training programmes can generate demand for accommodation, transport and other local services. Such opportunities, however, require careful planning, safety standards and sustained investment. For young athletes, access to qualified coaches, equipment, nutrition support and medical assistance can be as important as the availability of venues. Transparent selection processes and opportunities for participants from different parts of Ladakh would help ensure that the benefits of the policy are widely shared.

Preserving Heritage While Expanding The Economy: The inauguration of India’s first Petroglyph Conservation Park in Leh adds a cultural dimension to the development programme. Ladakh’s ancient rock art, monasteries, Buddhist traditions, festivals and distinctive architectural heritage are important components of its identity. They also form part of the region’s appeal to researchers, historians and visitors interested in its cultural history. Petroglyphs offer evidence of past human activity and cultural expression. Their preservation requires specialised conservation practices, documentation and protection against damage caused by weather, human activity and unmanaged tourism. A dedicated conservation park can help improve public awareness and provide a setting in which visitors can engage with this heritage. It may also create opportunities for educational programmes, research and responsible cultural tourism. The Prime Minister said the initiative would help future generations and visitors from India and abroad become more familiar with Ladakh’s history.

Local Products And The Search For Better Markets: The Prime Minister also highlighted the commercial potential of Ladakh’s sea-buckthorn, handicrafts, GI-tagged apricots, high-altitude floriculture and Pashmina produced by the Changpa community. These products offer opportunities to connect traditional livelihoods with wider markets. However, producers often require more than access to raw materials or a distinctive product. Branding, quality standards, packaging, processing, transport and reliable market linkages can influence the income they receive. Sea-buckthorn, for example, has potential for value-added products, while apricots can support processing and differentiated marketing. Handicrafts and Pashmina can reach specialised domestic and international consumers if their provenance, quality and craftsmanship are communicated effectively. Digital commerce may also help small producers connect with buyers beyond local markets. Yet online platforms need to be supported by dependable logistics, transparent pricing, product standards and systems that allow producers to receive a fair share of the final value. The emphasis on improving branding and market access is therefore relevant to rural livelihoods. The objective should be to strengthen the position of farmers, artisans and pastoral communities within supply chains.

Development Must Be Measured By Its Local Impact: Prime Minister odi also outlined broader infrastructure gains since Ladakh became a Union Territory in 2019. According to the figures cited in his address, the road network has expanded from 1,800 kilometres to more than 4,000 kilometres, major bridges have increased from 19 to nearly 75, helipads from seven to more than 40, and household tap-water coverage from 3.5 per cent to nearly 99 per cent. He also said hospital beds had doubled and referred to the ongoing Zojila Tunnel project. These figures, presented by the Prime Minister, indicate the scale of infrastructure development claimed by the government. Their significance is best understood alongside the quality, accessibility and reliability of the services delivered. For residents, a road matters when it provides safe and dependable access. A water connection matters when supplies are adequate and regular. A power project matters when electricity reaches households and businesses reliably. Educational infrastructure matters when students can access quality teaching and meaningful career opportunities. This distinction is important in Ladakh, where geographical challenges can make the delivery and maintenance of public services particularly demanding. The establishment of a High Court Bench for Ladakh, which Modi said received government approval in August 2026, also addresses an institutional dimension of regional development. Improved access to judicial services could reduce the burden of travelling long distances for legal proceedings, subject to the arrangements and services established under the approved framework. Digital connectivity, including the expansion of BharatNet and high-speed internet in remote areas, can complement these improvements by supporting e-governance, online learning and commercial activity. The combined impact of physical infrastructure, digital access and public institutions could help make essential services more accessible across the territory.

Kashmir Horizon View: The inauguration of five projects worth approximately ₹3,350 crore provides an opportunity to examine how infrastructure investment can support a broader development strategy for Ladakh. The projects address different but interconnected requirements: mobility, electricity, water management and cultural preservation. Their benefits could extend to tourism, agriculture, education, local commerce and the delivery of public services. Yet the results will depend on implementation beyond the inauguration stage. Roads and reservoirs require maintenance; power infrastructure needs reliable distribution; airports must operate efficiently; and conservation projects need sustained professional oversight. Equally important is the participation of local communities in determining how development priorities are implemented. Ladakh’s geography and cultural diversity mean that the needs of different settlements may vary considerably. Local consultation can help ensure that investments respond to practical requirements and that the resulting opportunities are accessible to residents. The region’s development strategy will also need to account for environmental pressures. Tourism, transport and construction can create economic benefits, but they must be balanced with the protection of water resources, fragile landscapes and cultural sites. For young people, the greatest long-term gains may come from the interaction of infrastructure with education, skills and entrepreneurship. Better roads and power can support businesses, while stronger educational institutions can prepare local residents to take advantage of the opportunities created. For farmers and artisans, improved transport, digital access and market linkages can help connect traditional products with new customers. For remote communities, reliable essential services can improve everyday life and strengthen economic resilience. The five projects, taken together, reflect an approach that combines large infrastructure investments with efforts to protect heritage and improve the foundations of local livelihoods. Whether this approach produces lasting and broadly shared benefits will depend on how effectively the new facilities are maintained, how well they serve local needs and how closely future investments are linked to skills, employment and environmental sustainability.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

India’s semiconductor The completion of 25 years in government by Prime Minister Narendra Modi marks a significant milestone in India’s contemporary political and administrative history. Beginning his tenure as Gujarat Chief Minister on October 7, 2001, and assuming office as Prime Minister in May 2014, Modi has spent a quarter-century at the head of a government, carrying a political and administrative approach from the state level to the national stage. On October 6, 2026, the Union Cabinet passed a resolution congratulating him on completing 25 years of continuous leadership as head of government. The resolution outlined ten defining features of his tenure, spanning welfare delivery, social empowerment, economic reforms, infrastructure, technological innovation, national security, diplomacy and cultural heritage. The Cabinet resolution presents these areas as interconnected elements of a broader vision of national development. Beyond the symbolism of the anniversary, the milestone offers an opportunity to examine how the priorities associated with Modi’s leadership have influenced governance and public service delivery. The central theme is the movement from announcing welfare programmes and development projects towards building systems intended to deliver benefits directly, monitor implementation and expand access across a country of continental scale. The philosophy frequently associated with this approach is Jan Seva Se Desh Seva—service to the people as service to the nation. Its larger objective is expressed through the ambition of Viksit Bharat 2047, a vision of a developed India by the centenary of Independence.

From Gujarat’s Administrative Experiments To National Governance: Modi’s tenure in Gujarat provided an early setting for several administrative initiatives that subsequently influenced the national governance framework. The Cabinet resolution highlights the SWAGAT grievance-redressal system and Jyotigram Yojana as examples of this evolution. SWAGAT, designed to bring citizens’ grievances directly to the attention of the administration, received the United Nations Public Service Award in 2010. Its underlying principle was that public complaints should not remain trapped in layers of bureaucracy but should be reviewed, tracked and addressed through a structured mechanism. At the national level, the PRAGATI platform extended a related approach by enabling the Prime Minister to review important projects, examine implementation delays and bring officials from different levels of government into the same monitoring process. The emphasis on regular review and accountability sought to address a longstanding challenge in Indian administration: the gap between policy approval and delivery on the ground. Jyotigram Yojana, which reorganised electricity supply through separate feeders for agricultural and other rural consumers, represented another effort to address a practical development problem through infrastructure and administrative planning. The significance of these initiatives lies less in any claim that a single state model can be transferred unchanged to an entire country and more in the effort to adapt administrative practices to a larger scale. India’s diversity requires policies to respond to regional conditions, but systems for grievance redressal, monitoring and coordination can provide common institutional foundations. The Gujarat experience therefore became part of the narrative of Modi’s national leadership: identify an administrative problem, establish a mechanism to address it, monitor its performance and extend the approach where it proves useful.

Direct Benefit Transfer| Changing The Architecture Of Welfare: One of the most consequential changes associated with the period since 2014 has been the expansion of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), which seeks to transfer government assistance directly into beneficiaries’ bank accounts. The idea of DBT predates Modi’s prime ministership, having been launched in 2013. Its subsequent expansion, however, was closely linked to the growth of Jan Dhan bank accounts, Aadhaar-based identification and mobile connectivity. Together, these systems strengthened the infrastructure through which government benefits could reach individuals. The scale of the programme illustrates the transformation. According to the official DBT Bharat dashboard, cumulative transfers had crossed ₹53 lakh crore by October 2026, covering 320 schemes administered by 56 ministries. The portal also reports estimated gains of more than ₹5.14 lakh crore from measures associated with reducing duplication and leakages. These are official estimates rather than an independent audit of every programme. DBT Bharat dashboard. The importance of DBT becomes clearer when viewed against the longstanding problem of welfare delivery. In 1985, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi famously observed that only 15 paise of every rupee intended for the poor reached the intended beneficiary. The remark came to symbolise the weaknesses of a system in which multiple administrative layers could separate public expenditure from its intended recipient. DBT seeks to reduce that distance. Instead of relying entirely on physical distribution, paper-based processes and intermediaries, the government can transfer money directly to a verified account. This approach can improve traceability, reduce certain forms of duplication and allow beneficiaries to receive payments without travelling repeatedly to government offices. Its significance extends across different forms of assistance, including pensions, scholarships, agricultural support and other welfare entitlements. For a farmer awaiting financial assistance, a student receiving a scholarship or an eligible household receiving a benefit, the timing and reliability of a payment can affect everyday decisions. The system is not without implementation challenges. Failed transactions, inactive accounts, authentication difficulties and errors in beneficiary records can prevent eligible people from receiving assistance on time. Digital delivery must therefore be accompanied by accessible grievance-redressal mechanisms, functioning banking services and safeguards against exclusion. Nevertheless, DBT represents an important administrative shift: welfare is increasingly being designed around identifiable beneficiaries and traceable transactions. Its larger contribution lies in creating a delivery infrastructure that can support multiple programmes rather than requiring each scheme to build an entirely separate payment mechanism.

Financial Inclusion And Dignity For Households: The expansion of financial inclusion has reinforced this change. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana brought millions of people into the formal banking system, particularly households that previously had limited access to bank accounts.

Women, Farmers And Communities At The Centre Of Development : The Cabinet resolution places particular emphasis on social empowerment, recognising women, young people, farmers and vulnerable communities as important participants in India’s development. The Lakhpati Didi initiative seeks to support women associated with self-help groups in developing livelihoods that generate annual household incomes of at least ₹1 lakh. The government has highlighted the expansion of such initiatives as part of its effort to strengthen women’s economic participation. The significance of this approach lies in moving beyond welfare recipients towards income-generating participation. Access to credit, training, markets and enterprise opportunities can enable women to strengthen their economic independence and contribute more directly to household decision-making. The Nari Shakti VandanAdhiniyam, which provides for reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies, is another major policy development. Its implementation remains linked to the constitutional process specified in the legislation, including the relevant census and delimitation provisions. Its long-term significance will depend on how effectively the commitment translates into greater representation. For farmers, the PM-KISAN scheme has provided direct financial assistance to eligible landholding farmer families. The Cabinet resolution notes that cumulative transfers under the scheme have exceeded ₹4 lakh crore. While such support can help meet some agricultural expenses, farmers’ long-term prosperity also depends on remunerative prices, irrigation, storage, market access, climate resilience and affordable inputs. Similarly, the PM-JANMAN initiative has focused on particularly vulnerable tribal communities, seeking to improve access to housing, roads, healthcare, education, drinking water and other essential services. These initiatives reflect a development approach that combines financial support with efforts to address gaps in access. Their lasting value will depend on whether they expand opportunities, improve incomes and help communities become more resilient.

“The vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 provides a long-term framework within which infrastructure, education, healthcare, manufacturing, scientific research and social empowerment can be pursued together……..”

Artificial Reform, Infra And The Pursuit Of Self-Reliance: Another defining feature of Modi’s tenure has been the emphasis on economic reform and large-scale infrastructure development. The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax in 2017 sought to bring multiple indirect taxes into a common framework. The reform aimed to reduce the fragmentation of India’s internal market and improve the movement of goods across state borders. Its implementation required extensive coordination between the Centre and states, while businesses, particularly smaller enterprises, had to adapt to new compliance systems. The Government’s broader reform agenda has also included changes to insolvency procedures, digital payments, labour regulation and criminal laws. The replacement of colonial-era criminal laws in 2023, which came into force in July 2024, was presented as an effort to modernise India’s criminal justice framework. The results of reform must ultimately be judged by whether they improve efficiency, reduce unnecessary compliance burdens, support investment and strengthen public institutions. In a large and diverse economy, reforms frequently require adjustments after implementation, making consultation and administrative capacity essential to their success. Infrastructure investment has been another prominent feature of the period. The Cabinet resolution points to an increase in public capital expenditure from approximately ₹2 lakh crore to more than ₹12 lakh crore. Higher public investment in roads, railways and other infrastructure is intended to improve connectivity, reduce logistics costs and support economic activity.

Digital India And The Growing Role Of Technology: Technology has become a central instrument of governance during Modi’s tenure. The combination of digital identity, bank accounts and mobile connectivity has helped expand the delivery of public services, while the Unified Payments Interface has changed how individuals and businesses make everyday payments. Digital payments have reduced dependence on cash in many transactions and enabled small merchants, service providers and consumers to transfer money quickly. Their expansion has also demonstrated how a shared digital infrastructure can support a wide range of private and public services.

Heritage, Environmental Responsibility And The 2047 Vision: The final theme of the Cabinet resolution brings together cultural heritage, environmental responsibility and the long-term ambition of a developed India. The promotion of yoga internationally, the development of pilgrimage infrastructure and the restoration or redevelopment of important religious and cultural sites have been presented as part of a wider effort to strengthen India’s cultural identity. The consecration of Ram Lalla at Ayodhya in January 2024 became a major national event, while projects such as the redevelopment of Kashi Vishwanath Dham sought to improve access to a significant pilgrimage centre. Alongside cultural initiatives, the government has highlighted renewable energy, climate action and international environmental partnerships. India’s expansion of solar and wind energy, its participation in the International Solar Alliance and its commitments under international climate agreements reflect the growing importance of energy transition. The challenge is to balance economic growth with environmental protection. For a country facing rising energy demand, extreme weather risks and pressure on natural resources, development must increasingly account for resilience, efficient resource use and the needs of future generations. The vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 provides a long-term framework within which infrastructure, education, healthcare, manufacturing, scientific research and social empowerment can be pursued together. Reaching that objective will require sustained productivity growth, quality employment, effective institutions, investment in human capital and equitable access to opportunities.

Kashmir Horizon View : The Union Cabinet’s resolution marks 25 years since Modi began leading a government in Gujarat and recognises the continuation of that leadership at the national level since 2014. The journey has been characterised by an emphasis on direct welfare delivery, administrative monitoring, infrastructure expansion, digital systems, manufacturing, national security and international engagement. The spread of these priorities across different sectors provides a framework for understanding the governance model associated with his tenure. The most important test of this model lies in its outcomes. Financial transfers must translate into meaningful household security; infrastructure must generate productive opportunities; manufacturing must create sustainable employment; and technological advances must remain accessible and secure. Social empowerment must be reflected in greater participation and opportunity, while national ambition must be matched by improvements in the everyday lives of citizens. The next phase will require the government to build on existing systems, address implementation gaps and respond to changing economic, environmental and technological conditions. India’s development goals are too extensive to be achieved through any single programme or institution. They depend on cooperation among the Centre, states, local governments, businesses, universities, civil society and citizens. As Modi completes 25 years at the head of government, the anniversary therefore represents both a record of initiatives undertaken and a measure of the responsibilities that lie ahead. The ambition of Viksit Bharat 2047 will ultimately be judged by whether India’s growth becomes more inclusive, its institutions more effective, its economy more productive and the opportunities available to its people more secure. The enduring significance of the milestone will rest not simply on the length of leadership, but on the lasting improvements that this period of governance delivers to the country and its citizens.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)

Mohammad Irfan

As Indian agriculture navigates the challenges of climate change, rising input costs, labour shortages and growing pressure on natural resources, Lieutenant Governor Manoj Sinha has called for a farmer-centric approach to technological innovation, emphasising that the true measure of agricultural engineering lies in its ability to improve livelihoods in the field rather than merely generate patents and research publications. Addressing the 60th Annual Convention of the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE), co-hosted by Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), on October 5, Sinha outlined a vision of agricultural development in which artificial intelligence, robotics, precision farming and women-led innovation work together to make farming more productive, sustainable and economically viable. His message carries particular significance for Jammu and Kashmir, where agriculture and horticulture sustain rural livelihoods and where varied terrain, changing weather patterns and fragmented landholdings demand locally adapted technological solutions. The convention brought together agricultural scientists, engineers, researchers, academicians and industry representatives to deliberate on women-led engineering innovations in smart farming and the application of artificial intelligence and robotics to the next generation of agriculture. Congratulating ISAE on completing six decades of service, the Lieutenant Governor acknowledged the contribution of agricultural engineers to India’s journey from food shortages towards greater food security. He also commended SKUAST-K for its contribution to agricultural research, education and innovation. However, he stressed that the next phase of agricultural progress would require a different set of priorities: technologies that are affordable, accessible and capable of delivering measurable improvements in farmers’ lives. “Create technology that can endure in real fields, under real monsoon conditions, and within the limited budgets of real farmers. Do not measure your success solely by patents or published research papers. Measure it by whether, five years later, a small farmer in Anantnag, Amritsar or Akola is genuinely better off because of your tools,” Sinha said.

From Food Security To Technology-Driven Agriculture: India’s agricultural transformation since the Green Revolution demonstrates the role that scientific research, mechanisation, improved seeds, irrigation and public investment can play in strengthening food production. Agricultural engineers contributed to this progress through machinery, irrigation systems, harvesting technologies, storage facilities and innovations designed to reduce post-harvest losses. Today, however, the challenge extends beyond increasing production. Farmers must improve productivity while managing water scarcity, soil degradation, climate variability, rising costs and changing market conditions.

Precision agriculture offers an opportunity to address some of these pressures. Soil-moisture sensors can help farmers make informed irrigation decisions, drones can assist with crop monitoring, and artificial intelligence can analyse weather information and crop images to identify potential pest and disease risks. Robotic equipment can help automate repetitive operations, while digital platforms can provide timely agricultural advice and support more efficient use of fertilisers, pesticides and water. Yet technological sophistication alone does not guarantee success. A system designed for large farms may be unsuitable for small landholdings, while expensive equipment can remain beyond the reach of farmers with limited financial resources.

Jammu and Kashmir’s Case For Locally Adapted Innovation: For Jammu and Kashmir, the opportunities are considerable. The region’s agricultural economy includes apple orchards, paddy cultivation, vegetable production, livestock rearing and other activities that operate under different climatic and geographical conditions. In the Kashmir Valley, horticulture is a major source of rural income. Apple growers must manage irrigation, pruning, pest control, harvesting, grading, transportation and storage while responding to changing weather patterns and market requirements. Affordable technologies could help orchardists monitor soil moisture, identify disease risks, improve spraying efficiency and manage irrigation more precisely. Digital advisory systems could also help farmers access timely weather information and crop-management recommendations. In paddy-growing areas, improved machinery and water-management systems could reduce labour requirements and improve resource efficiency. In mountainous districts, lightweight equipment and tools designed for uneven terrain could prove more useful than machinery intended for large, level farms. The region also has opportunities to strengthen cold-chain infrastructure, improve post-harvest handling and introduce energy-efficient storage and processing technologies. Such interventions require close collaboration between scientists, engineers, horticulture experts and farmers. Equipment must be tested under local conditions before wider adoption, with attention to durability, maintenance costs and the availability of technical support. The Lieutenant Governor described Jammu and Kashmir’s Holistic Agriculture Development Programme (HADP) as a model that could offer lessons to other states. The programme’s wider relevance lies in the opportunity to combine agricultural development, technological adoption, capacity-building and support for allied activities within a coordinated framework. For the region, the next step is to ensure that promising technologies reach farmers beyond demonstration plots and become affordable, dependable tools in everyday agricultural operations.

Artificial Intelligence And Robotics Must Remain Affordable: One of the central themes of the convention was the application of artificial intelligence and robotics to what Sinha described as the future of farming. AI-based systems can process weather forecasts, soil information, satellite imagery and crop photographs to support agricultural decisions. In suitable applications, they can help identify disease symptoms, estimate crop stress and improve the timing of irrigation or other farm operations. Drones and robotic equipment can assist with crop monitoring and targeted applications, potentially reducing unnecessary use of certain inputs when properly calibrated and operated. However, access remains a major concern. High equipment costs, unreliable connectivity, limited digital literacy and difficulties in obtaining repairs can prevent small farmers from benefiting from advanced systems. Lt Governor Sinha urged innovators to develop tools that can operate on ordinary smartphones, including in villages with low-bandwidth internet connections. He also called for robotic instruments that could be leased through Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) or collectively owned by farming communities. “I urge the Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers, SKUAST-Kashmir, and every young engineer and innovator to develop tools with affordability and access at their core. Create instruments that work not only on cloud infrastructure, but also on an ordinary smartphone in a low-bandwidth village in Reasi,” he said. The approach recognises that farmers do not necessarily need to own every piece of technology they use. Equipment-sharing arrangements, machinery banks, cooperatives and service providers can allow smallholders to access costly tools by paying only for the services required.

“Lieutenant Governor’s message placed farmers at the centre of this process, calling on engineers and innovators to develop tools that are practical, affordable and durable.….”

Women-Led Innovation Can Reshape Agricultural Engineering: Lt Governor Sinha also placed special emphasis on women’s participation in agricultural technology, calling for an ecosystem that enables women to become innovators, entrepreneurs and leaders in engineering. Women perform substantial work in farming and allied activities, including livestock care, harvesting, food processing and other labour-intensive operations. Yet their contributions have often received insufficient recognition, while limited access to land ownership, finance, technical training and professional networks can restrict their economic opportunities. The Lieutenant Governor urged institutions and private-sector stakeholders to support women-led agricultural technology start-ups and establish laboratories, fellowships and incubation platforms to help young women engineers from rural backgrounds develop their ideas. “Women-led start-ups in agricultural technology should receive financing with the same confidence with which any other start-up is provided the necessary support and facilities,” he said. He stressed that agricultural universities and engineering colleges should actively nurture women innovators and create opportunities for them to turn promising ideas into market-ready products.

Climate Change Makes Innovation More Urgent: Climate resilience is another area where agricultural engineering can make a substantial contribution. Agriculture depends heavily on seasonal conditions, and changes in temperature, rainfall distribution and the frequency of extreme weather events can complicate decisions about sowing, irrigation, harvesting and pest management. In Jammu and Kashmir, where horticulture and farming are closely linked to seasonal weather, access to reliable information and efficient resource management is particularly important. Local weather stations, improved forecasting systems, soil-moisture monitoring and precision irrigation can help farmers make more informed decisions. Better drainage, protected cultivation and improved storage facilities can also reduce certain production and post-harvest risks. In orchards, temperature monitoring and efficient cold-storage systems can support better handling of produce, while renewable-energy-powered equipment may reduce operating costs where conditions permit. However, technology cannot eliminate climate risks on its own. It must be integrated with soil conservation, watershed management, crop planning, improved agricultural practices and accessible extension services. Research institutions have an important role in developing evidence-based recommendations suited to local crops and conditions. They must also help farmers understand both the benefits and limitations of new technologies. The Lieutenant Governor’s appeal to develop solutions that work under real monsoon conditions highlights the importance of testing equipment and systems beyond controlled laboratory settings. Technologies must be able to withstand practical use, remain affordable to maintain and provide benefits that justify their costs. Research institutions must connect laboratories with farmers The participation of SKUAST-K and other research institutions is critical to translating scientific progress into practical outcomes. Agricultural universities can bring together agronomists, horticultural experts, engineers, economists and extension specialists to address problems that cannot be solved by a single discipline. Engineering colleges can contribute expertise in electronics, robotics, software, materials and manufacturing, while agricultural scientists can assess how proposed technologies affect crops, soil and farm productivity. Field trials should form an essential part of this process. Equipment needs to be tested across seasons, soil types, farm sizes and terrain, with farmers involved in evaluating its performance. Researchers must also examine operating costs, maintenance requirements, access to spare parts and the availability of trained operators. A machine that performs well during a demonstration may not necessarily remain effective under prolonged field use. Similarly, digital advisory systems must provide reliable information in accessible formats and should not assume that every farmer has continuous internet access or advanced digital skills. Lt Governor Sinha’s emphasis on measuring research through tangible improvements in farmers’ lives provides a useful framework for evaluating these efforts. Research success should be reflected in reduced production costs, improved resource efficiency, lower post-harvest losses, more reliable crop management and better economic outcomes for farming households. Such an approach would strengthen the relationship between universities and rural communities while making agricultural research more responsive to real-world needs.

Building An Agricultural Technology Economy: Agricultural innovation can also create opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship beyond the farm. Young engineers and entrepreneurs can develop businesses in drone services, irrigation automation, crop-monitoring software, equipment manufacturing, food processing, storage and agricultural logistics. For Jammu and Kashmir, these activities could create stronger links between technical education and the region’s agricultural economy. Locally developed equipment and services could also reduce dependence on distant suppliers for certain specialised products. Public institutions can support this transition through innovation centres, prototype-testing facilities, entrepreneurship programmes and partnerships with industry. Private companies can contribute manufacturing expertise, investment and distribution networks, while FPOs and cooperatives can help connect innovators with farmers who need practical solutions. The commercialisation process must nevertheless remain grounded in affordability and performance. A product should not be promoted simply because it incorporates advanced technology; its value should be demonstrated through reliable results and a clear economic case for farmers. The development of local repair and maintenance services will be equally important. Farmers are more likely to adopt unfamiliar equipment when they know that technical support and spare parts are readily available. By bringing together research, entrepreneurship and agricultural extension, the region can build an innovation ecosystem that supports both farm productivity and employment generation.

Kashmir Horizon View: The 60th Annual Convention of ISAE offered an opportunity to reflect on the next phase of India’s agricultural transformation. The country’s experience demonstrates the value of scientific research, mechanisation and sustained investment in agricultural development. The challenges ahead require these efforts to be extended towards climate resilience, resource efficiency, affordable automation and stronger participation by women. For Jammu and Kashmir, the priorities include locally adapted orchard technologies, improved water management, efficient post-harvest systems and digital services that respond to the needs of small and marginal farmers. The Lieutenant Governor’s message placed farmers at the centre of this process, calling on engineers and innovators to develop tools that are practical, affordable and durable. The significance of this approach lies in its focus on outcomes rather than technological novelty. A successful innovation is one that farmers can afford, understand, maintain and use to improve their livelihoods. As India seeks to build a more productive and sustainable agricultural sector, the partnership between scientists, engineers, universities, entrepreneurs and farming communities will become increasingly important. Lt Governor Sinha’s vision challenges agricultural institutions to ensure that progress in artificial intelligence, robotics and precision farming is not confined to laboratories and conference halls, but reaches the fields where its benefits matter most. If translated into sustained action, this approach can help strengthen agricultural resilience, expand opportunities for women and young entrepreneurs, and make technological progress a practical instrument of prosperity for farming communities across Jammu and Kashmir and the country.

(“Team Kashmir Horizon” is committed to continuous improvement and invites feedback and suggestions from readers and its followers on social media sites. Reader insights are considered vital for enhancing content quality and empowering the community. The team encourages open communication and values the thoughts and ideas of its audience, believing that such input will enable them to serve the public more effectively. The initiative aims to ensure that readers have the best possible experience with “Kashmir Horizon”. Interested individuals can reach out to us via email at editor@thekashmirhorizon.com.)