“Living alone is not everyone’s cup of tea. It demands emotional strength, courage, and discipline. When family members are around, there is always someone to talk to, share experiences with, or seek help from. Alone, you become your own motivator, problem-solver, and companion. You learn to manage difficult moments without immediate support.”

Living independently also provided practical lessons in financial management and negotiation. Something as simple as arranging meals taught me about pricing strategies and market behavior. For example, purchasing meals on a daily basis could cost around Rs. 90 per meal. However, committing to a monthly arrangement reduced the cost to approximately Rs. 60. Further discussions and negotiations could improve the deal even more. Such experiences teach us that markets operate on relationships, volume, commitment, and negotiation rather than fixed assumptions.These are lessons that cannot always be learned from books. Real-life experiences often become the best classroom.
Living alone also offers flexibility. During this period, I found it easier to participate in professional events and activities outside my city and even in other states. Such opportunities contribute to personal growth, networking, and learning.
Had my little children been at home, frequent travel would have required additional planning and consideration. This temporary freedom allowed me to engage more actively in professional development and community activities. Thus, while solitude has its challenges, it can also create opportunities for growth and exploration.Yet, perhaps the most important lesson of living alone is realizing the true value of family.
When family members are present, we often become accustomed to their support and contributions. Their efforts become part of our daily routine, and sometimes we fail to recognize their significance. Living alone changes this perspective dramatically.
One begins to appreciate the countless responsibilities managed by a spouse, parents, or other family members. If your wife is a homemaker and mother, be grateful for her contribution. Managing a household, caring for children, organizing daily routines, and supporting family members require dedication, patience, and sacrifice. These contributions may not always receive public recognition, but they form the foundation of a happy and functioning family.
Even today, there are tasks for which I still seek my wife’s guidance. For example, while I can wash clothes manually, operating the washing machine efficiently may require a quick phone call for assistance. Such moments remind us that expertise develops through consistent effort and experience.
Family members do not merely share a house; they share responsibilities, emotions, burdens, and dreams. Their presence adds comfort, stability, and happiness to life.
At the same time, living alone teaches another valuable lesson: every family member should participate in household responsibilities whenever possible. Helping with daily tasks should not be viewed as an obligation but as an opportunity. It creates understanding, mutual respect, and stronger relationships. When individuals participate in household work, they gain a deeper appreciation for the efforts of others.Moreover, such involvement develops practical life skills and self-confidence. It ensures that one can manage independently whenever circumstances require.
(The author is Associate Professor at the Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant of AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

“Tourists travel thousands of kilometres to experience the beauty of Jammu and Kashmir. They come to admire our landscapes, culture, hospitality, and environment. But if we ourselves do not respect our surroundings, how can we expect visitors to appreciate them? Tourism cannot survive on natural beauty alone.”

The situation was not limited to parks. Pollution along the main roads was equally concerning. Waste was visible in many places where cleanliness should have been a priority. Similar scenes were observed at Jammu Railway Station.These experiences led me to a difficult but important question: Do we really deserve tourism?
Tourists travel thousands of kilometres to experience the beauty of Jammu and Kashmir. They come to admire our landscapes, culture, hospitality, and environment. But if we ourselves do not respect our surroundings, how can we expect visitors to appreciate them? Tourism cannot survive on natural beauty alone. Cleanliness, environmental responsibility, and civic sense are equally important.
Many people blame governments and municipal authorities for pollution. While institutions certainly have an important role to play, environmental protection begins with individual responsibility. Every discarded bottle, wrapper, plastic bag, or diaper has been thrown by someone. Every polluted public space is the result of countless individual acts of negligence.
The places mentioned above are not the only areas affected by pollution and irresponsible behavior. This problem extends far beyond them, affecting our country and many nations across the world. Pollution has become a global menace, threatening the well-being of present and future generations. The time for concern has passed; now is the time for action. We must act, and we must act swiftly, to protect our environment and preserve the beauty of our planet.
As concerned citizens, we must recognize that environmental conservation is not somebody else’s responsibility. It belongs to all of us. Keeping our surroundings clean, reducing waste, using dustbins, participating in cleanliness drives, and educating future generations are small actions that can create significant change.
Awareness is the first step, but action must follow. If we continue to ignore these warning signs, the future will become increasingly difficult. Environmental degradation does not happen overnight. It begins with small acts of carelessness and gradually becomes a larger crisis.
On this World Environment Day, let us move beyond symbolic celebrations. Let us commit ourselves to protecting the beauty that nature has gifted us. Future generations deserve a cleaner environment than the one we are leaving behind.The future is not yet lost, but it depends on the choices we make today. Let us not merely celebrate nature. Let us protect it.
(The author is Associate Professor at the Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant of AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

One of the most important holidays in Islam is Eid-ul-Zuha, also known as Eid al-Adha, Bakr-Eid or the “Festival of Sacrifice.” Celebrated on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah, the twelfth and the last month of the Islamic calendar, it marks the conclusion of the holy Hajj trip. For Muslims worldwide, it is the second of the two major Islamic holidays, after Eid-ul-Fitr, and it has great spiritual, social, and moral significance.

Known as the days of Tashreeq, the celebration usually lasts three days during which believers participate in acts of charity, prayer, and introspection. Eid-ul-Zuha is a profound reminder of submission to God’s will, sympathy for humanity, and thankfulness for divine favors. It is a very religious and devotional holiday. It unites millions of individuals across the globe in a common act of devotion, solidarity, and charity.

A Story that Inspires Generations:  The compelling and ageless tale of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham-AS), a symbol of unwavering faith and obedience, lies at the center of Eid-ul-Zuha. Islamic tradition holds that Prophet Ibrahim (AS) had a dream in which Allah gave him the order to sacrifice his cherished son, Ismail (AS). Seeing this as a heavenly order, he was ready to carry it out without hesitation. This anecdote is noteworthy not only for Ibrahim’s (AS) unshakeable faith but also for his son’s voluntary obedience to his orders. The son reacted patiently and with faith in Allah’s will, as described in the Qur’an. But Allah substituted a ram for Ismail during the sacrifice, indicating that the act of obedience had already been completed. Islamic theology is based on this incident, which emphasizes that genuine devotion is found in giving up one’s will to the Creator. By demonstrating that faith necessitates courage, trust, and a readiness to make personal sacrifices for a greater good, it continues to inspire generations.

Beyond The Act Of Qurbani: Even while the Qurbani (animal sacrifice) rite is a major part of Eid-ulZuha, the holiday’s underlying meaning goes well beyond the actual event. The sacrifice represents the readiness to part with one’s possessions in submission to God. It serves as a reminder that piety, sincerity, and intention are more important indicators of devotion than tangible gifts. A believer’s willingness to put faith above material possessions is symbolized by sacrificing an animal, such as a goat, sheep or camel etc. But selflessness, discipline, and spiritual cleansing are the deeper lessons. It urges people to give up bad qualities like ego, greed, and selfishness in favor of humility, charity, and compassion. Eid-ul-Zuha thus teaches that genuine sacrifice is about developing one’s character and fortifying one’s relationship with the Divine, rather than just giving away anything.

Rituals that Reflect Unity, Submission: Shortly after sunrise on first day of Eid, a special congregational prayer is held to mark the start of Eid-ul-Zuha. Wearing their finest clothing, Muslims congregate in large numbers at mosques or public spaces, signifying unity and cleanliness. A discourse (khutbah) that emphasizes the importance of the celebration and the ideals it upholds comes after the prayer.

On Eid Days, people wear their best ethnic clothes, which stand for happiness and celebration. Men generally wear traditional clothes such the kurta-pajama, sherwani, or pathani suits. They usually wear embroidered hats. Women dress up in beautiful outfits like salwar kameez, anarkalis, sarees, and lehengas, which are often decorated with detailed embroidery and bright colours.

Qurbani (animal sacrifice) rite is a major part of Eid-ulZuha. Those who can afford it perform the Qurbani ceremony after the prayer. A sheep suffices for one person but a camel suffices for up to seven people and the ritual of Qurbani, associated with Eid ulZuha, is performed over a span of three days. To ensure ethical treatment, the sacrificial animal must fulfill certain age and health requirements. After that, the meat is split into three portions: one for the family, one for friends and family, and one for the underprivileged. The Islamic emphasis on social duty and sharing is reflected in this organized distribution.

Muslims also recite the Takbir, or statements praising God, on certain days, which strengthens the group’s sense of devotion. Symbolic acts like the stoning of the devil, which honors Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) rejection of temptation, are part of the Hajj ceremonies for pilgrims. When combined, these customs represent harmony, obedience, and recollection of divine direction.

 “The focus on compassion and charity is among the most significant features of Eid-ul-Zuha. Even those who are less affluent can enjoy the festivities thanks to the distribution of sacrificial meat. The idea that wealth is a trust from God and should be distributed to those in need is strengthened by this deed”

Social, Cultural Harmony: Eid-ul-Zuha is both a lively social festival and a religious observance. Families join together to eat, share gifts, celebrate and deepen their love and affection. “Eid Mubarak” is a greeting that reverberates throughout homes and communities, signifying happiness and kindness. In many regions of the world, cultural customs give the celebration distinctive flavors.  Eid in India is also marked by diverse regional culinary traditions. Key dishes include Sheer Khurma, Biryani, Kebabs, Mutton Stew, and Kashmiri Wazwan etc. Sweets are served to commemorate the occasion.

Known as Eidi, children frequently receive gifts or cash, which heightens the celebratory mood. Beyond family get-togethers, Eid promotes unity and inclusivity in society. To foster respect and understanding, neighbors, acquaintances, and even those of different faiths are frequently invited to participate in the festivities. In this sense, the festival fosters social cohesiveness and serves as a link between communities.

Compassion, Charity, Responsibility:The focus on compassion and charity is among the most significant features of Eid-ul-Zuha. Even those who are less affluent can enjoy the festivities thanks to the distribution of sacrificial meat. The idea that wealth is a trust from God and should be distributed to those in need is strengthened by this deed.

Giving to charity on Eid extends beyond Qurbani. To help impoverished communities, many Muslims donate cash, food, and necessities. The fundamental Islamic principles of compassion, empathy, and social justice are reflected in this spirit of giving.

Eid-ul-Zuha cultivates a sense of social responsibility by pushing people to look beyond their personal needs. It serves as a reminder to believers that encouraging others is a fundamental aspect of faith and that true happiness is found in giving.

Humanity, Sustainability, Care: Eid-ul-Zuha in the modern era encourages contemplation on sustainability and moral behavior. Strict regulations that prioritize humane treatment, reducing suffering, and upholding the sanctity of life control the process of animal sacrifice. The procedure is carried out carefully, guaranteeing the animal’s well-being and humane treatment.

Additionally, the festival promotes waste avoidance and responsible consumerism. Meat distribution ensures the effective use of resources and benefits the broader society. This is consistent with more general ethical precepts of social justice and environmental sustainability.

Conversations about animal care have also raised community awareness, leading to improved procedures and a stronger focus on moral responsibility. As a result, Eid-ul-Zuha continues to evolve into a celebration that strikes a balance between tradition and contemporary ideals such as sustainability and compassion.

Lessons for Modern Life, Humanity: The message of Eid-ul-Zuha is extremely relevant in today’s fast-paced, materialistic culture. It serves as a reminder to put morals like compassion, humility, and faith ahead of selfish interests. Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) story inspires individuals to stick to their beliefs by teaching them to be resilient and trustworthy in the face of adversity. Additionally, the event emphasizes the value of community and group well-being. The focus on sharing and inclusivity provides a potent remedy at a time when social isolation and injustice are pervasive. It motivates people to make constructive contributions to society and create more cohesive, caring communities.Additionally, the idea of sacrifice can be applied to modern life in a number of ways, such as giving up personal comfort for a higher purpose, time for family, or resources for the underprivileged. Essentially, Eid-ul-Zuha offers timeless advice for living a healthy and purposeful life.

Eid-ul-Zuha conveys a universal message of faith, love, and selflessness that cuts beyond religious barriers. Although it has its roots in Islamic culture, people of many backgrounds can relate to its fundamental principles. The celebration teaches that genuine devotion is found in sincerity, generosity is the source of true prosperity, and serving others is the source of true success. As families gather, prayers are offered, and charitable deeds are performed, the spirit of Eid-ul-Zuha emerges as a celebration of harmony and kindness. It serves as a reminder that the spirit of sacrifice should guide our behavior throughout our lives, not just on a single day. Eid-ul-Zuha is a ray of hope that promotes peace, understanding, and humanity in a world where differences frequently cause division. Its timeless message exhorts everyone to practice selflessness, embrace faith, and spread love—values capable of transforming people and societies.I wish everyone a very Happy and Prosperous Eid-ul-Zuha. May this blessed occasion bring peace, happiness, good health, and countless blessings to you and your loved ones. Eid Mubarak!

(The author is Associate Professor at the Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant at AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

A few days ago, I received a call from my elder brother and well-wisher, Dr. Farooq Ah. Mir, who is now settled in Russia holding a very reputed position there. We are both from Kashmir, and our discussions often revolve around the beauty, culture, opportunities for youth and challenges of our homeland. Dr. Farooq belongs to the breathtaking region of Pahalgam, a place in Kashmir known worldwide for its natural beauty, peace, and hospitality. During our recent conversation, however, we found ourselves discussing a deeply concerning issue — the growing dog menace and the increasing incidents of dog attacks in Kashmir.

Recently, a tragic episode took place where a dog attacked a pedestrian, creating panic among the local people. In anger and fear, the locals ended up killing the dog brutally. The incident has created large debates. On one side, people felt sorry for the animal. After all, animals too deserve compassion, care, and humane treatment. But on the other side, an important and uncomfortable question arose: what should ordinary people do when a dog becomes violent and dangerous? What should happen when human life is at immediate risk? This is where emotions, ethics, and reality collide.

Every day, newspapers and social media carry disturbing reports of dogs attacking people, children being bitten while going to school, elderly people being chased on roads, and pedestrians living in constant fear in certain areas. Many families are worried about the safety of their loved ones. Parents fear allowing children to walk alone. Elderly citizens hesitate to go for morning walks. In several localities, stray dog populations have increased significantly, creating tension between animal welfare concerns and public safety.

The problem becomes even more sensitive when some people immediately lodge complaints against locals who react during dangerous situations. Certainly, protecting animals is important. Cruelty against animals should never be encouraged. However, those who file complaints against common people should also ask themselves an honest question: what if they or their own family members faced a similar life-threatening situation? What if a child, an elderly parent, or a loved one was suddenly attacked by aggressive dogs? Would they not expect immediate help from nearby people?

Do you know? When fear dominates a situation, people react instinctively. If society begins punishing every person who tries to protect someone during a dangerous attack, then a new problem may emerge. People may begin hesitating to intervene. They may think ten times before helping a child or a vulnerable person in distress because they fear legal action or social backlash. This hesitation can become dangerous for society itself. Therefore, the issue requires balance, maturity, and long-term solutions rather than emotional reactions alone.

During our discussion, Dr. Farooq Ah. Mir mentioned an important observation from Russia. He explained that in many Russian cities, one rarely sees stray dogs roaming freely on roads. Dogs are generally well cared for, managed properly, and integrated into society through organized systems. There are pet culture practices, animal shelters, vaccination systems, sterilization programs, and strict municipal management. People love dogs deeply, but they also understand the importance of discipline, responsibility, and public safety. This balance is something many countries have tried to achieve successfully.

The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than 200 million stray dogs worldwide. However, the Netherlands has set a remarkable example by becoming one of the first countries to effectively eliminate the problem of stray dogs. This achievement was made possible through the CNVR programme — Collect, Neuter, Vaccinate, and Return — a nationwide, government-funded sterilization and vaccination initiative. Animal welfare organizations consider this one of the most effective and humane approaches to controlling stray dog populations.Several other countries, including Sweden, Norway, and Turkey and others, have also made notable progress in the field of animal welfare and population management of stray animals.

 “As our conversation ended, Dr. Farooq Ah. Mir from Pahalgam Kashmir reminded me of something important: civilized societies do not solve problems through anger alone; they solve them through systems, planning, empathy, and cooperation. That perhaps is the lesson Kashmir and any place in India, and indeed many societies around the world, must embrace.”

There are various studies and reports that suggest that India continues to face serious challenges due to its very large stray dog population, estimated in millions. Concerns related to dog bites, rabies, public safety, animal abandonment, and inadequate implementation of long-term control measures continue to affect many regions.In Kashmir and many other regions of India, the issue has grown because of multiple factors. Poor waste management attracts stray dogs. Lack of sufficient sterilization programs allows populations to rise rapidly. Inadequate shelter facilities leave animals wandering on roads. Simultaneously, local administrations often struggle with limited resources and inconsistent implementation.

At the same time, public emotions are highly divided. One group speaks mainly about animal rights, while another speaks only about public safety. The reality is that both concerns are valid.

Dogs are living beings. They feel hunger, fear, pain, and attachment. Many stray dogs become aggressive not because they are naturally evil, but because of harsh environments, hunger, disease, abuse, or lack of proper care. Yet this truth does not reduce the suffering of victims attacked by aggressive dogs. A society cannot ignore the trauma faced by injured children, frightened families, and vulnerable citizens.Therefore, instead of turning society into two opposing camps, there must be a middle path.

Dog lovers and animal welfare activists can play a constructive role here. Rather than only lodging complaints against frightened local residents, they can channel their energy toward motivating governments and policymakers to establish meaningful long-term systems. Such efforts would reduce both animal suffering and human fear.Governments too must recognize that this issue directly affects public confidence, urban safety, tourism, and social harmony. Kashmir, known globally for its unmatched beauty and hospitality, should not become a place where parents fear sending children outdoors andpeople or tourists hesitate to walk peacefully.

Recently, the Supreme Court of India also observed that citizens have a fundamental right under Article 21 to live and move freely without fear of attacks by stray animals. The Court strongly criticized authorities for years of ineffective action and stated that poor implementation of sterilization and control measures has led to serious human suffering, including attacks on children and tourists. To ensure accountability, the Court directed High Courts across the country to actively monitor the issue and warned officials that negligence may lead to disciplinary action, contempt proceedings, and liability for compensation. In the same proceedings, a Bench observed that in regions where the stray dog population has assumed alarming proportions and repeated attacks pose a continuing danger to public safety, authorities may, after proper veterinary assessment and in strict compliance with the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 and the Animal Birth Control Rules, 2023, adopt legally permissible measures to address the threat. The Court clarified that such measures may include euthanasia in exceptional cases involving rabid, incurably ill, or demonstrably dangerous and aggressive dogs, with the primary objective of safeguarding human life and public safety.

To conclude, authorities must move beyond temporary measures and emotional statements. Serious planning, adequate funding, coordination with veterinarians, NGOs, municipalities, and local communities is necessary. Policies should protect animals from cruelty while also ensuring citizens feel safe in their neighborhoods. Educational institutions have a role to play and media houses should also avoid sensationalism and instead promote balanced discussions.The need of the hour is wisdom, balance, and collective responsibility.

As our conversation ended, Dr. Farooq reminded me of something important: civilized societies do not solve problems through anger alone; they solve them through systems, planning, empathy, and cooperation. That perhaps is the lesson Kashmir and any place in India, and indeed many societies around the world, must embrace.

(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant at.  AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

In today’s dynamic, highly competitive business environment, entrepreneurs and businesses are continually exploring efficient models to enter and expand in markets. Among the prominent approaches are reselling and private labeling, both of which have gained significant traction with the rapid growth of e-commerce and digital marketplaces. While these models enable firms to sell products without necessarily engaging in manufacturing, they differ fundamentally in terms of control, investment requirements, branding opportunities, and long-term value creation. A clear understanding of these differences is essential for informed strategic decision-making.
Understanding Reselling: It is one of the simplest and most accessible business models. It involves purchasing products from manufacturers, wholesalers, or distributors and selling them directly to consumers at a markup, which represents the reseller’s profit margin. In this model, the reseller does not significantly alter the product and typically markets it under the original brand name. For instance, selling branded products such as smartphones, apparel, or consumer goods falls within this category.
The primary appeal of reselling lies in its low entry barriers. Entrepreneurs can initiate operations with minimal capital investment, often utilizing online marketplaces and social media platforms to reach a wide customer base. Since the products are already established in the market, resellers benefit from existing brand recognition, reputation, and customer trust. Furthermore, operational complexities remain limited, as there is no requirement for product design, manufacturing, or extensive quality assurance processes.
However, despite its accessibility, reselling presents several limitations. The market is often characterized by intense competition, with multiple sellers offering identical products. This leads to price-based competition, reduced profit margins, and minimal scope for differentiation. Additionally, resellers are highly dependent on suppliers for pricing, inventory availability, and product quality, making the business vulnerable to external uncertainties. Consequently, reselling is generally considered a short- to medium-term strategy rather than a sustainable long-term growth model.
Amazon India and Flipkart operate as marketplaces where sellers offer branded products such as electronics, books, and apparel, leveraging existing brand value and the platforms’ reach. Meesho focuses on social commerce, enabling individuals—especially small entrepreneurs—to resell products through WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram with minimal investment. Snapdeal functions as a value-oriented marketplace, allowing sellers to offer both branded and unbranded goods across categories. IndiaMART serves as a B2B platform where traders and wholesalers supply industrial products, raw materials, and consumer goods to businesses.Offline retail follows a similar model. Stores like Reliance Smart Bazaar and Reliance Digital sell branded items such as Coca-Cola beverages or Samsung phones. Likewise, selling packaged goods like Maggi or Surf Excel at DMart is an example of reselling.
Understanding Private Labeling: In contrast, private labeling involves sourcing generic or unbranded products from manufacturers and selling them under a firm’s own brand name. Businesses often customize product features, packaging, and branding elements to create a unique identity in the marketplace.This model offers significantly greater control over both the product and the brand. By establishing a distinct market presence, firms can differentiate themselves in competitive environments, foster customer loyalty, and command higher profit margins. Private labeling also enables businesses to tailor products according to specific customer needs and preferences, thereby enhancing overall value creation.
Nevertheless, private labeling requires a higher level of investment and strategic commitment. Entrepreneurs must allocate resources to branding, packaging design, marketing, and, sometimes, product development. In addition, risks related to inventory management, quality assurance, and supplier reliability must be carefully managed. Unlike reselling, where demand can be tested quickly, private labeling involves longer lead times and greater financial exposure, making it a more complex but potentially rewarding approach.
Reliance Retail’s grocery businesses primarily market products of third-party FMCG players; they also sell in-house brands. Reliance Retail owns names such as Snactac (snacks), Puric (hygiene), Enzo (laundry), Glimmer (beauty), and Get Real (personal care), among other private labels in apparel, footwear, and electronics, which were launched over the years as part of its private label push into retail.Similarly, retail formats like Star Bazaar by the Tata Group sell in-house products such as Klia (hygiene), Fabsta (food/snacks), and Skye (personal care) under their own store brands, reflecting a private-label strategy.

“Businesses can maximize growth and mitigate risk by adopting a phased hybrid model: using reselling for market insights and private labeling for long-term scalability. This dynamic approach requires a steadfast focus on quality and ethical integrity to maintain the consumer trust necessary for lasting success.”

Private Label Brands Fresho and BB Royal are the private labels of BigBasket, under which it offers various products to consumers. Fresho offers everything fresh, including milk, bread, cheese, eggs, fruits, and vegetables. In e-commerce, Amazon sells products under its own brand, AmazonBasics, which is a classic example of private labeling. Amazon Basics, one of Amazon’s most notable private labels, was created to provide customers with high-quality products at competitive prices. Launched in 2009, Amazon Basics offers a wide range of everyday items. Likewise, Flipkart’s in-house brands, such as MarQ, represent private labels developed and sold exclusively on its platform.
Insights From Research: Empirical research further strengthens the understanding of these business models. A 2017 study examining the impact of brand image, product quality, and self-efficacy on purchase decisions regarding private-label rights (PLR) products found that product quality plays a significant role in shaping consumer behavior. The study concluded that maintaining and enhancing product quality leads to a more positive perception of private label products, thereby increasing consumers’ willingness to try and purchase them.Another study conducted in 2022 explored the strategic decisions of a small manufacturer entering a market dominated by a larger competitor. Due to the lack of technological superiority, the small firm had to choose between producing imitation products (copycats) and engaging in private labeling. The findings revealed that consumer purchasing decisions are influenced not only by price but also by product quality, brand value, and consumer patience.The analysis further suggested a dynamic strategic pattern. As the production costs of genuine products increase, the small manufacturer initially adopts a passive strategy of producing copycats, then shifts to an active acceptance strategy by engaging in private labeling, and eventually moves to an active rejection strategy, reverting to copycat production under changing market conditions. This highlights the adaptive and flexible nature of small firms in responding to cost pressures and competitive dynamics.A 2022 research argued that Indian retailers introduce private labels as a price-based strategy to offer lower-priced alternatives and capture a share of the branded goods market; however, this approach often fails to deliver the desired outcomes, as established brands already command a significantly higher market share, supported by strong consumer trust, brand equity, and extensive distribution networks, thereby making effective competition for private labels particularly challenging.
Strategic Considerations: The choice between reselling and private labeling is not merely operational but deeply strategic, shaped by a firm’s resources, risk appetite, and long-term vision. Reselling offers an accessible entry point, allowing businesses to test markets, understand customer preferences, and generate early cash flows with minimal investment. However, its inherent limitations in differentiation and margin expansion necessitate a gradual shift toward more value-driven approaches. Private labeling, in this regard, provides greater control over product quality, branding, and customer experience, enabling firms to build stronger market positions and long-term brand equity.
Rather than viewing these models as mutually exclusive, businesses can benefit from adopting a hybrid or phased strategy—leveraging reselling for market learning and transitioning toward private labeling for sustainable growth. This integrated approach allows firms to balance risk with opportunity while responding dynamically to market conditions. Ultimately, long-term success depends not only on the chosen model but also on a firm’s ability to maintain quality, uphold ethical standards, and build customer trust. At the same time, ethical considerations play a crucial role in both approaches, influencing trust, transparency, and long-term success. These aspects will be explored in depth in the next article.
(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is certified Business Consultant of AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

“While gyms and fitness centers are beneficial and increasingly popular, they cannot replace the experience of walking in nature. The fresh air, natural surroundings, and peaceful environment provide not just physical benefits but also mental relaxation and emotional well-being. Nature has its own healing power, which no indoor facility can fully replicate.”

Therefore, the responsibility lies not only with individuals but also with families and society as a whole. People must understand that health is a daily investment. Morning walks should not be treated as an optional activity but as a necessary discipline. Simple steps can make a big difference—setting a fixed time, walking with friends or family, and gradually building consistency. Awareness about the benefits of walking—improved heart health, better mental well-being, and increased energy—must be emphasized in communities. At the same time, the role of elders is crucial. They can act as role models and motivators, encouraging younger members to adopt healthier habits.
However, individual efforts alone are not enough. There is a significant role for government and policymakers in creating an environment that supports healthy lifestyles. Infrastructure and safety are key concerns. Many people hesitate to walk due to fear of stray animals, lack of proper roads, or traffic-related risks. Addressing these issues can encourage more participation.
Firstly, the development of dedicated pedestrian pathways and walking tracks is essential. Safe and well-maintained paths can provide a comfortable environment for walkers of all age groups. Secondly, better lighting can ensure safety during early morning or evening hours. Thirdly, effective management of stray dogs through humane and systematic measures can reduce fear among residents. Additionally, the establishment of small parks and green spaces in towns and villages can play a transformative role. These spaces can serve as hubs where nature and fitness come together. People can walk, exercise, and spend quality time with their families in a safe and refreshing environment. The presence of police chowkis or regular patrolling can further enhance the sense of security.
While gyms and fitness centers are beneficial and increasingly popular, they cannot replace the experience of walking in nature. The fresh air, natural surroundings, and peaceful environment provide not just physical benefits but also mental relaxation and emotional well-being. Nature has its own healing power, which no indoor facility can fully replicate.
In the end, Kashmir is truly beautiful—its mornings are refreshing, its air is pure, and its landscapes are inspiring. Yet, we often miss morning or evening walks due to excuses like cold weather, busy schedules, excessive screen time, and a lack of awareness about our own health. It is time to change this mindset. Let us not wait for health problems to force us into action. Let us act now—step out, breathe fresh air, and walk towards a healthier and happier life.
(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant by AIMA . The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

In today’s fast-paced world, where expectations often outweigh reality, the true essence of happiness lies not in perfection but in understanding, flexibility, and mutual support. Life constantly presents us with situations where personal desires, professional commitments, and social responsibilities intersect. In such moments, being realistic and supportive toward one another becomes not just important—but essential for maintaining harmony and inner peace.
A recent personal experience during the occasion of Eid beautifully reinforced this idea. Eid, a festival symbolizing joy, togetherness, and celebration, often comes with plans, expectations, and emotional attachments. This time, we were invited by my sister to celebrate Eid in another state—a plan that naturally brought excitement to the entire family. However, life had its own script ready. An important departmental event was scheduled at the same time, making it impossible for me to travel.
Situations like these can easily create disappointment or conflict if handled without understanding. But what truly made the difference was the response of my family. When I shared the situation with them, they didn’t just accept it—they supported it wholeheartedly. In fact, rather than seeing it as a compromise, they chose to become part of the moment. They joined me at the event, and what could have been a missed celebration turned into a different kind of joy—one that was meaningful, peaceful, and deeply fulfilling.
The event itself had a sacred and inspiring environment. Being surrounded by students, colleagues, and community members created a sense of purpose and belonging. For my family, it became a new experience—one that they embraced with happiness. It reminded us that celebrations are not limited to places or plans; they are shaped by the people we are with and the mindset we carry.
The following day, which was also a holiday, I had planned a family outing to compensate for the previous day’s busy schedule. It felt like the perfect opportunity to spend uninterrupted time together. However, once again, reality had something else in store. My wife, who dedicates her time to teaching small children in our locality, had already committed to helping them prepare for their upcoming exams. The children were depending on her, and she had asked them to come for their lessons.

“When individuals support each other’s responsibilities and respect each other’s commitments, it builds trust and emotional strength. It reduces unnecessary stress and creates an environment where everyone feels valued and understood.”

At that moment, I had a choice—to insist on our plan or to understand her commitment. Observing her dedication and the importance of her role in those children’s lives, I chose not to insist. Instead, I respected her decision. Interestingly, I too received an invitation from the NSS team of the Institute for the inauguration of a camp. There was no obligation for me to attend, yet I decided to join.
Both of us, in our own ways, honored our responsibilities without imposing on each other. There was no conflict, no dissatisfaction—only mutual respect and silent understanding. Later in the evening, we managed to go out together with our children. It was a simple outing, but it carried a deeper sense of contentment.
These experiences highlight a powerful truth: happiness is not about rigidly following plans but about adapting with grace. Being realistic does not mean lowering expectations; it means aligning expectations with circumstances. Similarly, support does not always require grand gestures—it often lies in small acts of understanding, patience, and encouragement.
In relationships—whether within a family, workplace, or society—this mindset plays a crucial role. When individuals support each other’s responsibilities and respect each other’s commitments, it builds trust and emotional strength. It reduces unnecessary stress and creates an environment where everyone feels valued and understood.
Moreover, such an approach teaches us an important life lesson: not every plan needs to be fulfilled to experience happiness. Sometimes, the beauty lies in accepting what comes our way and making the best out of it. Flexibility and empathy transform ordinary moments into meaningful memories.In a broader sense, this philosophy can extend to all aspects of life. Whether it is balancing professional duties with personal life, managing expectations in relationships, or contributing to society, realism and support act as guiding principles. They help us stay grounded, avoid conflicts, and foster positivity.
( The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, at ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is also certified Business Consultant of AIMA . The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

Early mornings in the month of Ramadan often bring moments of reflection. After sehri, when the house is quiet and the day has not yet fully begun, conversations sometimes take unexpected and meaningful turns. One such moment occurred last day at home, when I decided to have what I called a “motivational session” with my daughter Ayesha.
Like many parents today, I occasionally worry about the amount of time children spend on their phones. Screens have become a constant companion for the younger generation, often replacing activities that help build confidence and communication skills. So last day morning, after sehri, I gently spoke to Ayesha about reducing phone usage and finding ways to build confidence through meaningful activities. One suggestion I gave her was to start preparing small speeches on topics she likes. Public speaking, after all, is one of the best ways to develop clarity of thought and self-confidence.
To make it easier for her, I suggested that she prepare a speech about Kashmir — its breathtaking natural beauty, its rich culture, and above all, its well-known hospitality. That is when the conversation took a delightful and humorous turn. When I mentioned hospitality, she looked at me innocently and asked, “Yes, there are hospitals there, right?”
For a moment, I was slightly surprised, but then I could not help laughing. The misunderstanding between hospitality and hospital instantly reminded me of an interview I once saw, where an athlete had given a very similar answer when asked about the hospitality of a place. It was one of those innocent moments that children create — moments that are both funny and memorable.
While I was still explaining the actual meaning of hospitality, my little son Salik joined the discussion. With complete confidence and a smile, he gave an example that summed up Kashmiri hospitality far better than any lecture I could give. He simply said: “Palawchatin (torn our own clothes) …”
Anyone familiar with Kashmiri culture immediately understands the humour behind this phrase. And honestly, that one expression captures the spirit of Kashmiri hospitality better than many academic discussions.
Before anyone takes it the wrong way, let me clarify that this phrase is used humorously. What it truly reflects is the extraordinary warmth with which Kashmiris treat their guests. In Kashmiri culture, guests are not merely visitors; they are treated with immense respect and affection. The old belief that “to please a guest is like pleasing the God” is deeply embedded in social behavior. Families often go to great lengths to ensure that guests feel welcomed, comfortable, and honored.
In fact, many Kashmiri households feel a sense of responsibility to make guests eat well, rest well, and leave with happy memories. Food becomes the primary expression of care and affection. The dining space turns into a space where love, respect, and generosity are expressed through delicious dishes and repeated invitations to eat more.
However, there is an interesting cultural trait associated with this hospitality — one that many people from Kashmir will instantly recognize.Even if a guest politely says, “I have already eaten,” the host may still insist: “Just a little more.” “Please taste this.” “You cannot leave without eating.” This insistence is not pressure in the negative sense; it is an expression of care. The host genuinely believes that encouraging the guest to eat more is a sign of affection and responsibility.
Yet, as societies evolve and lifestyles change, it may also be useful to reflect on some of these practices.Humans, after all, are not gods. While hospitality is a beautiful value, it should also be balanced with awareness about health and well-being.
I say this with humility because I myself grew up in the same culture in Kashmir. I have experienced this warmth firsthand, and it is something I deeply cherish. However, having spent many years outside Kashmir, I have also observed how hospitality is practiced in other places.

“In fact, many Kashmiri households feel a sense of responsibility to make guests eat well, rest well, and leave with happy memories. Food becomes the primary expression of care and affection. The dining place turns into a space where love, respect, and generosity are expressed through delicious dishes and repeated invitations to eat more.”

In many regions, guests are welcomed warmly, conversations are lively, and people feel comfortable — but there is often less insistence regarding food. Guests are offered meals generously, but their choices are respected. If someone says they have already eaten, the host usually accepts it without much persuasion.This difference made me think about changing health realities in today’s world.
Modern society is facing a growing number of health challenges. Lifestyle diseases are becoming increasingly common. Reports frequently highlight rising cases of diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and even cancer. Just a few days ago, a report appeared in Greater Kashmir and it is now common mentioning thousands of people suffering from cancer. Such news is always concerning.
May God keep everyone safe.But along with prayers, we also need awareness and responsible habits.Overeating — especially when we have already eaten — may seem harmless in a moment of social warmth, but repeated patterns can slowly affect health. Our bodies function best when we eat mindfully and maintain balance.Hospitality should bring joy, not discomfort.
Perhaps the time has come to reinterpret hospitality slightly — not by reducing warmth, but by combining it with awareness. Offering healthy food options, respecting guests’ choices, and encouraging balanced eating habits can make hospitality even more meaningful.
At the same time, there are other habits we need to rethink as families and communities.One major concern today is screen time, especially among children. Smartphonesdominate a large part of daily life. While technology is useful and often necessary, excessive use affects concentration, physical health, and social interaction.Encouraging children to read, speak, play outdoors, and engage in creative activities can help them develop confidence and emotional balance.
Another important aspect is physical activity. Modern lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary. Many people spend long hours sitting — at work, at home, or while using digital devices. Regular exercise, even in simple forms like walking, stretching, or playing sports, can significantly improve physical and mental health.
Families can also revive older traditions of social mingling. In earlier times, neighbours visited each other frequently, people sat together for conversations, and communities were closely connected. Such interactions naturally promoted emotional well-being and reduced stress.Today, despite being digitally connected, many people feel socially isolated.Reintroducing small practices — evening walks with family members, community gatherings, storytelling sessions for children, or shared activities — can rebuild these social bonds.There is greater need to teach children balance: balance between technology and real life, between food and health, between work and relaxation.
Our cultural traditions are valuable treasures, but every generation also has the responsibility to adapt them to changing realities. Hospitality, kindness, and generosity must continue to define us, but they can evolve in ways that promote healthier lifestyles.
That morning conversation after sehri started with a simple attempt to motivate a child. It produced a humorous misunderstanding about “hospitality” and “hospitals,” followed by the unforgettable phrase “palawchatin.” But behind that laughter was a reminder about culture, habits, and the small choices that shape our lives.
Perhaps the real lesson is this:We should keep our warmth, our humour, and our hospitality alive — but also develop healthier and wiser habits for ourselves and for our children.Because the future belongs to the next generation, and the habits we nurture today will quietly shape their tomorrow.And who knows — maybe someday Ayesha will actually give that speech about Kashmir, explaining its beauty, culture, and hospitality.Hopefully this time, she will not confuse it with hospitals.
(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institute’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is certified Business Consultant of AIMA . The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

“Sustainability begins with awareness. Leadership begins with responsibility. Small, mindful actions, practiced consistently, create meaningful long-term impact.”

Some conferences are attended; some are experienced; and a few are deeply felt. This conference belonged to the third category. On the final day, emotions overwhelmed me to such an extent that I ended up sharing my reflections twice on social media — a reflection of the deep attachment I feel toward my academic roots. I was also grateful for the opportunity provided by the organizing team to share my sincere feedback during the valedictory ceremony. Speaking on a platform where I once presented as a research scholar was both humbling and empowering. It reminded me that learning never truly ends; it simply evolves into sharing.While sharing my reflections, I also presented a simple example of sustainability drawn from my own life.I spoke about my respected teacher, Prof. S. K. Singh, who was an integral part of the conference.For decades now, whenever I send him a message, he responds almost immediately — beginning with the warm words, “Dear Shahid.” He always guides me, encourages me, and wishes me the very best.I shared with the audience that sustainability is not limited to environmental practices or corporate strategies. It is also about sustaining relationships, sustaining encouragement, and sustaining positivity. To consistently make someone feel valued, supported, and inspired over decades is, in itself, a powerful example of sustainability.
Through the conference, I realized once again that conferences are not just about presenting research papers. They are about building intellectual communities. They are about listening as much as speaking, reflecting as much as analyzing, and engaging as much as presenting.
My heartfelt congratulations go to all research scholars, participants, and especially to my dear friends and respected professors who served on the organizing team. Successfully conducting such a conference requires coordination, dedication, and a collective vision. Moreover, earlier conferences gifted me lifelong friendships. This conference has strengthened old bonds and created new ones. That is the beauty of academic ecosystems — they evolve over time yet remain rooted in shared purpose and values.
While sharing my reflections, I took slightly more time than expected and offered an apology — but it was an emotional moment. Sometimes gratitude speaks longer than planned.
With humility, I would like to suggest that presenters, especially research scholars, avoid leaving immediately after delivering their papers. Staying back to attend other sessions multiplies learning and fosters deeper academic connections. Knowledge grows through participation, not isolation.
I carried with me not just conference materials, but renewed inspiration. No matter how far we advance in our careers, it is our roots that anchor our resilience. Institutions build careers. Teachers build character. Experiences build perspective. And gratitude builds legacy.I feel blessed to have returned, grateful for the journey, and inspired to continue contributing toward innovation, sustainability, and responsible leadership.
(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. He is certified Business Consultant of AIMA. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com

“Working abroad is neither guaranteed success nor inevitable struggle. It is a journey shaped by preparation, mindset, and perseverance. There will be moments of doubt, days of exhaustion, and perhaps even tears. Misunderstandings and uncertainty are part of the process. Yet these experiences often become the foundation of inner strength.”

Before making the decision to move abroad, it is wise to reflect deeply on one’s purpose. Why leave home? Is it to gain international exposure? To achieve financial independence? To support family members? To build long-term career capital? In moments of weakness, reconnecting with this purpose becomes a source of strength. Temporary emotional discomfort should not overshadow long-term professional and personal goals.
Equally important is evaluating the job itself, not merely the destination. A beautiful city cannot compensate for dissatisfaction at work. Scenic landscapes, modern infrastructure, or global branding may appear attractive, but most of one’s time will be spent within professional environments. Choosing a role aligned with personal interests, values, and long-term ambitions is essential. A fulfilling job enhances the international experience; a poorly chosen one magnifies stress.
Financial preparedness is another crucial factor. Relocating involves costs such as visa processing, flight tickets, accommodation deposits, and initial living expenses. Having savings to sustain at least two months without income provides security during the transition period. Even after settling, financial discipline remains vital.
Cultural sensitivity also plays a central role in successful integration. Every society has its own communication patterns, workplace etiquette, and social expectations. Observing carefully, asking respectful questions, and remaining open-minded allow smoother adaptation. Openness to diverse perspectives strengthens both professional relationships and personal growth.
Building a support network significantly reduces feelings of isolation. Connecting with colleagues, joining professional groups, and interacting with both locals and fellow expatriates helps create a sense of belonging. At the same time, maintaining regular and meaningful communication with family and friends back home preserves emotional balance. Strong roots and new connections together create stability.
Long-term commitment often brings deeper rewards. While short-term or seasonal work may provide adventure, meaningful professional development typically requires at least a year of consistent effort. Employers invest resources in recruitment, training, and legal processes with the expectation of dedication. A longer stay allows individuals to understand workplace culture thoroughly, contribute meaningfully, and assess whether the new environment aligns with their long-term aspirations.
Living and working abroad frequently transforms individuals in profound ways. Resilience grows through overcoming daily challenges. Curiosity expands through exposure to new cultures and systems. Patience strengthens in the face of uncertainty. Courage develops when stepping into unfamiliar environments. Openness increases when interacting with people from diverse backgrounds. Over time, the world feels larger, yet more connected.
Working abroad is neither guaranteed success nor inevitable struggle. It is a journey shaped by preparation, mindset, and perseverance. There will be moments of doubt, days of exhaustion, and perhaps even tears. Misunderstandings and uncertainty are part of the process. Yet these experiences often become the foundation of inner strength.
Based on what I have learned from my students, friends, and research reflections, one truth stands clear: working abroad is not only about earning more—it is about becoming more. It tests patience, refines character, and deepens self-awareness. And sometimes, the greatest achievement is not just building a career in another country, but discovering one’s true strength while being far away from home.
(The author is Associate Professor, Department of Management, President Institution’s Innovation Council, ITM Gwalior and an IIMA (FDP) Alumnus. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
dr.shahidamin15@gmail.com