Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo – The Kashmir Horizon

Successful Leaders Celebrate Their Failures

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Thu, 11 Jun 2026 19:20:42 +0000

The greatest life skill is the ability to smile in the face of failure and move forward, regardless of what others may say. Never punish yourself for failing in examinations, presentations, interviews, or tests. Self-punishment only deepens emotional wounds, lowers self-esteem, and diminishes confidence. In contrast, accepting and celebrating failures can lead to self-realisation and growth.

Many motivational speakers remind us that trying and failing is rarely enjoyable. Failure often brings feelings of disappointment, frustration, and irritation. The problem with these reactions is that they can discourage us from trying again. This reluctance to make further attempts is the true failure. On the other hand, if we learn to view failures as stepping stones towards success, we continue to strive, persevere, and eventually achieve the outcomes that fulfil our aspirations.

The key ingredient that separates champions from everyone else is not merely talent or ability. Nor is it simply hard work, since many people are willing to work diligently. It is not superior coaching or training opportunities either. The crucial factor that determines success in both sports and life is how one deals with failure. The manner in which we handle setbacks, mistakes, and disappointments ultimately decides whether we soar with the eagles or remain grounded with the turkeys.

Failures may come in expected ways or arrive unexpectedly. Naturally, no one enjoys experiencing failure. It can be painful, discouraging, and threatening. Yet these disappointments serve a purpose: they make us more sensitive to the value of success. History is filled with examples of great scientists, leaders, authors, and innovators who encountered repeated failures before achieving extraordinary accomplishments. Despite knowing their stories, many of us still struggle to appreciate our own setbacks. We must therefore learn to regard failures as opportunities for growth. Indeed, failures are stepping stones to success.

There may be disagreement about celebrating failure. We encourage innovation, experimentation, and creative thinking, all of which involve the possibility of failure. At the same time, we seek control over outcomes and often avoid mistakes. This creates a dilemma: we tell ourselves to fail and learn, yet we do not truly want to fail. While embracing failure can be beneficial in certain areas of life, there are situations where errors carry serious consequences. The important thing is to understand the distinction. Clarity is key.

Just as we celebrate success, we should also learn to acknowledge failure with a shift in perspective. Suppose you encounter setbacks in your career or personal life. Rather than allowing them to diminish your morale, identify the lessons they offer. Failure does not mean that you are less intelligent or capable than others. It simply reflects that you are on a unique journey of learning and development. Human beings are endowed with remarkable capabilities, talents, and intelligence. These strengths can be used to overcome adversity and rise above failure. You may fail because of inadequate preparation, insufficient effort, personal weaknesses, or unforeseen circumstances.

“Embracing and celebrating both successes and failures provides a deeper perspective that fuels determination. By learning from both experiences, we can move forward with the resilience and purpose needed to make a meaningful impact on the world.”

The important task is to identify the reasons behind the setback and work to improve them. Every small improvement becomes another rung on the ladder leading to success. Success often emerges through the process of repeated failures. However, if we fail to appreciate the lessons embedded within setbacks, obstacles may continue to hinder our progress. Therefore, let us transform negative thinking into positive action.

The story of King Robert the Bruce illustrates this principle beautifully. Defeated repeatedly in battle and forced into hiding, he became deeply discouraged. While taking refuge in a cave, he observed a spider struggling to spin its web. The spider failed multiple times but persisted until it finally succeeded. Inspired by this determination, the king regained his courage, reorganised his forces, and ultimately reclaimed his kingdom. The lesson is simple yet profound: perseverance in the face of failure often leads to victory.

Scientific discoveries and inventions rarely occur overnight. Thomas Alva Edison, one of history’s greatest inventors, reportedly made thousands of unsuccessful attempts before developing a practical incandescent light bulb. When asked whether he had wasted his time through repeated failures, Edison famously replied, “I have not failed. I’ve just found thousands of ways that won’t work.” Such a mindset transforms failure from an obstacle into a valuable source of knowledge.

Athletes, too, often become so upset by their mistakes that they overlook the valuable lessons hidden within them. Anger and self-criticism serve little constructive purpose. They neither enhance motivation nor build confidence. More importantly, they do not help correct errors. Every setback contains information that can guide future improvement. Within disappointment often lie the secrets to eventual success.

Failure is feedback, and feedback is the breakfast of champions. Failure is not something to be feared or avoided at all costs. Rather, it is something to be examined with curiosity. We should ask ourselves: What could I have done differently? What contributed to this outcome? What lessons can I carry forward? Such reflection transforms failure into a powerful teacher.

Life is a long journey filled with both triumphs and setbacks. Along the way, we encounter numerous obstacles and challenges. Yet we must not allow these experiences to discourage us. Instead, we should regard failure as the first step towards success. By celebrating failures in the same spirit with which we celebrate achievements, we gain a richer perspective that strengthens our determination and guides us towards our goals. So, celebrate your successes. Celebrate your failures. Learn from both. Then move forward with courage, resilience, and purpose—and go out there to change the world.

(The author is a Physician, Educator and a freelancer. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”.)

drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Kashmir’s Bloom: The Pollen Peril

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Tue, 12 May 2026 02:40:41 +0000

Seasonal pollen allergies have become an increasingly recognized public health concern in Kashmir, affecting children, adults, and the elderly across urban and rural communities alike. While the valley is admired worldwide for its breath-taking landscapes, lush gardens, orchards, meadows, and diverse plant life, the same rich vegetation that contributes to Kashmir’s natural beauty also serves as a major source of airborne pollen. During spring, summer, and early autumn, millions of microscopic pollen grains are released into the atmosphere by trees, grasses, crops, and seasonal weeds. For many individuals, inhalation of these particles triggers an exaggerated immune response, leading to seasonal allergic rhinitis—commonly called hay fever—and, in some cases, worsening asthma and other respiratory conditions. As environmental changes, urban expansion, and climate variability alter plant cycles and pollen concentrations, seasonal allergies are becoming a growing respiratory challenge in the valley.
Pollen is a fine powder produced by plants during their reproductive cycle. Although invisible to the naked eye in most cases, pollen particles are lightweight and can travel significant distances in the wind, especially in open landscapes and dry weather conditions. Wind-pollinated plants are the primary culprits behind seasonal allergies because they release large amounts of airborne pollen designed to spread over wide areas. Once inhaled, these particles enter the nose, throat, and lungs, where they may trigger inflammation in susceptible individuals. The immune system mistakenly identifies harmless pollen proteins as dangerous substances, resulting in the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. This allergic cascade produces classic symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal blockage, itchy throat, watery eyes, sinus congestion, coughing, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. In individuals with asthma, pollen exposure can lead to wheezing, chest tightness, breathlessness, and severe respiratory flare-ups.
The unique ecological landscape of Kashmir contributes to a distinct pollen profile. The valley’s extensive tree cover includes species such as Poplar, Willow, Chinar, Cypress, Pine, and various ornamental flowering plants commonly planted in residential and public spaces. Poplar and willow trees, widely distributed across Kashmir for environmental and commercial reasons, are among the most notable contributors to spring pollen loads. Chinar, one of the valley’s iconic trees, may also contribute to seasonal airborne allergens during its pollination period. Coniferous trees such as pine and cypress release large quantities of pollen that can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods, especially during dry and windy weather. Orchard cultivation—including apple, almond, walnut, cherry, pear, and apricot plantations—adds seasonal biological material to the atmosphere, although insect-pollinated fruit trees generally contribute less airborne pollen than wind-pollinated species.
Grass pollen is another major contributor to seasonal allergies in Kashmir. Meadows, open fields, lawns, sports grounds, roadside grasses, and agricultural landscapes release fine pollen grains during warmer months, particularly from late spring through summer. These microscopic particles are easily inhaled and are among the most potent triggers of allergic rhinitis and asthma. In rural settings, harvesting activities, dry winds, and movement through grassy terrain may increase exposure significantly. Seasonal weeds that grow abundantly after spring rains and during warmer months can also release allergenic pollen, particularly in late summer and early autumn. Wild herbs, nettles, and weed species flourishing in open fields and uncultivated land often prolong the allergy season well beyond spring, leading to persistent symptoms in sensitized individuals.

“Seasonal pollen allergy in Kashmir is a critical environmental health challenge exacerbated by urbanization and climate change. Effectively safeguarding the valley’s respiratory health requires urgent, widespread awareness and evidence-based prevention to mitigate its impact on daily life.”

The climate of Kashmir plays a critical role in shaping pollen seasons. Spring, marked by blooming orchards, flowering trees, and renewed vegetation growth, is often the peak period for tree pollen exposure. Late spring and summer see increased grass pollination, while late summer and early autumn bring weed pollen into prominence. Dry, warm, and windy weather can dramatically increase pollen dispersal, while rainfall may temporarily wash pollen out of the air, providing short-lived relief. However, changing climate patterns—including warmer temperatures, altered rainfall distribution, prolonged growing seasons, and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide—may intensify pollen production and extend allergy seasons. Environmental pollution, particularly in expanding urban centers, may further worsen allergic disease by irritating the respiratory tract and increasing sensitivity to airborne allergens.
The health impact of seasonal pollen allergies in Kashmir is substantial yet often underestimated. Many people mistake recurring symptoms for repeated viral infections, common cold, sinusitis, or “seasonal weakness,” delaying proper diagnosis and treatment. Persistent sneezing, blocked nose, itchy eyes, and throat irritation may seem minor initially, but chronic allergic inflammation can affect concentration, mood, sleep quality, and productivity. Children may struggle in school because of disturbed sleep, daytime fatigue, or difficulty concentrating. Adults may experience reduced work performance and repeated absenteeism during allergy seasons. In elderly individuals and those with pre-existing respiratory disease, pollen exposure may trigger severe asthma exacerbations, chronic cough, or worsening breathing difficulties. Untreated allergies can also increase the risk of sinus infections, ear problems, mouth breathing, and long-term airway inflammation.
Diagnosis requires awareness, careful clinical assessment, and, where available, allergy testing. A seasonal pattern of sneezing, watery nasal discharge, itchy eyes, or wheezing strongly suggests pollen sensitivity, particularly when symptoms worsen outdoors or during specific months. Skin prick testing and blood tests for allergen-specific antibodies can help identify triggers. Monitoring local pollen trends and symptom calendars may also help clinicians and patients better understand exposure patterns unique to Kashmir’s environment.
Prevention remains one of the most effective strategies in controlling seasonal pollen allergies. Individuals prone to allergies should monitor pollen seasons and reduce outdoor exposure during peak pollen times—often early morning and windy afternoons. Keeping windows closed during high pollen days, using indoor air filtration, changing clothes after returning indoors, washing exposed skin and hair, and avoiding drying clothes outside during peak pollen periods can reduce indoor contamination. Wearing sunglasses helps protect the eyes, while well-fitted masks may reduce inhalation of pollen during outdoor travel or fieldwork. Urban landscaping that prioritizes low-allergen vegetation may also reduce community exposure over time.
Medical management includes antihistamines, nasal corticosteroid sprays, saline nasal irrigation, anti-allergic eye drops, and asthma medications when indicated. In selected patients with severe or persistent symptoms, allergen immunotherapy may provide long-term benefit by gradually reducing sensitivity to specific pollens. Importantly, treatment should be individualized, particularly in children, elderly patients, and those with asthma or multiple allergies.
Seasonal pollen allergy in Kashmir is not merely a nuisance of spring—it is a significant environmental health issue that affects respiratory wellbeing, daily functioning, and quality of life. Greater awareness among healthcare providers, schools, policymakers, and communities is needed to recognize seasonal allergies early, promote preventive measures, and support evidence-based treatment. With Kashmir’s changing environment and expanding urban footprint, addressing pollen-related allergies will become increasingly important in safeguarding respiratory health across the valley.
(The author is a Physician, Educator and a columnist. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”.)
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Youth And Mental Health Awareness

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Wed, 06 May 2026 19:41:39 +0000

Dr Tasaduk Hussain Itoo

Mental health, for today’s youth, is often understood as feeling happy, managing emotions effectively, coping with stress, and developing a sense of mastery over life’s challenges. Interestingly, these personal perceptions closely align with the scientific understanding of mental well-being. As youth constitute a significant proportion of our population, their mental health deserves urgent and sustained attention.
The period of youth is marked by immense potential, growth, and opportunity, but it is also a phase characterized by vulnerability. Research shows that a large proportion of mental health disorders begin before the age of 30 in current times. Despite this, only a small percentage of young people who need professional support actually seek or receive it. This gap can largely be attributed to lack of awareness, social stigma, hesitation, and limited access to mental health services.
Among college-going youth, several factors contribute to psychological distress. Intense academic competition, career uncertainty, and social pressures often create overwhelming stress. Additionally, the unrealistic expectation of remaining “stress-free” at all times can itself become a source of anxiety, as it does not reflect the inevitable frustrations and setbacks of everyday life. Many young people also struggle to emotionally connect with parents and teachers about the challenges they face, often leading to feelings of isolation and the recurring frustration of “not being understood.”

“Empowering youth with knowledge and support is essential to destigmatizing mental health and building a resilient future generation. This requires a collaborative effort from media, schools, and families to normalize open conversations and prioritize early intervention.”

Urban youth, particularly those migrating from smaller towns to metropolitan cities for higher education, frequently encounter cultural adjustment difficulties, loneliness, and alienation during the early stages of adaptation. At the same time, encouragingly, young people are increasingly recognizing that speaking about mental health does not signify weakness, nor does it automatically imply severe psychological illness. Common concerns for which youth seek help include depression, relationship conflicts, career confusion, social anxiety, and emotional turmoil.
Peers often become the first line of support when young individuals experience emotional distress. This highlights the importance of equipping youth with the skills to support one another responsibly, while also encouraging them to recognize professional mental health care as a valuable complement to peer support. Young people can also play a transformative role in dismantling stigma and fostering a culture of openness around mental health.
Conclusion: Mental health awareness is the need of the hour, and youth engagement is central to this movement. By empowering young people with knowledge, emotional skills, and supportive platforms, society can promote early intervention, reduce stigma, and build a healthier, more resilient generation. The media, educational institutions, families, and mental health professionals must work together to create an environment where conversations about mental health are normalized, encouraged, and acted upon.
(The author is a Physician, Educator and a columnist. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Winter Viruses And Viral Infections

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Wed, 26 Nov 2025 19:11:50 +0000

The cold and flu season is likely starting to take its turn and we cannot seem to get away from the coughing and sneezing. Viral infections that cause the common cold or the flu are a nuisance. They usually spread by direct contact with an infected person; indirect contact such as touching a contaminated surface, and/or exposure to an infected person who may be coughing or sneezing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says that common colds are the main reason that children miss school and adults miss work. Moreover, the CDC monitor flu activity closely. For example, influenza can occur at any time of year, but most cases follow a relatively predictable seasonal pattern. The first signs of influenza activity usually start around October, according to the CDC, and often peak at the height of winter. The peak month for flu activity during recent years was February, followed by December, January and March.
Winter Viruses| Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a frequent cause of respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. In many children, it is not much different from a common cold. Symptoms range from a stuffy, runny nose, coughing for up to three weeks, and noisy breathing which can sometimes be accompanied by a low-grade fever. In most young children, it results in a mild respiratory infection. However sometimes it may lead into more severe infections.
Influenza Virus: Influenza Virus can cause “the flu” or influenza at any age, and can sometimes cause an uncomplicated cold. Influenza infection can often be prevented by a yearly influenza vaccination, in children and their families. The flu is caused by the influenza virus, of which there are three types: influenza A, influenza B, and influenza C, with most of the circulating virus being influenza A.
Viral Infections| Colds: The common cold leads to a runny nose, fever, and cough, in children and adults. Most colds last about a week. The runny nose associated with a cold can be thin or thick, and can be clear-coloured, or white or green. Many people with a cold feel mildly tired, or unwell.
Bronchiolitis: RSV is a common cause of bronchiolitis. In younger children, when the inner lining of the lungs becomes inflamed, it is referred to as bronchiolitis. This inflammation results in swelling and an increased production of mucous, which can get in the way of air going in and out of the lungs. Nostrils may flare up and there is difficulty breathing or breathing noisily (wheezy or harsh). The young children may also have a hacking cough, be irritable or lethargic. There is a need to watch for abnormally quick breathing, a weak cry or voice and lips and nails that are whitish or bluish. Children with such kind of symptoms need to see a doctor right away.
The Flu: Like colds, children with mild flu may have symptoms of runny nose, sneezing, a mild cough and a low-grade fever. Unlike with colds, children with the flu often have a headache, aches and pains in the muscles, vomiting and diarrhoea and sometimes a sore chest. Severe flu may resemble bronchiolitis with a decrease in eating and drinking, high fever, increased sleepiness and difficulty breathing.
Croup: Croup is a viral infection of the breathing passages just below the voice box. Croup usually starts with cold-like symptoms, with a runny nose, sore throat, and fever, which then progress to a barky or seal-like cough, and difficult and/or noisy breathing.

“Cold air can increase the duration and success of viruses (like rhinoviruses) in penetrating the body’s defenses by slowing down the snot layer. Once penetrated, the immune system normally uses phagocytes to engulf and digest the viruses. However, cold air has been linked to a decrease in phagocyte activity. Rhinoviruses specifically thrive in colder temperatures, whereas at normal body temperature, they tend to self-destruct (cell suicide) or are destroyed by enzymes.”

Effects Of Cold Air: Common cold and flu viruses try to gain entry into our bodies through our nasal cavities. Fortunately, our nasal cavity lining has sophisticated defence mechanisms against these microbial invaders. Our noses constantly secrete mucus. Viruses become trapped in the sticky snot, which is eventually moved by tiny hairs called cilia that line our nasal passages. We swallow and our stomach acids neutralize the microbes. However, cold air cools the nasal passage and slows down mucus clearance. Viruses can now stick around for longer, trying to dig through the snot to break into our body. Once a virus has penetrated this defence mechanism, the immune system takes control of fighting off the invader. Phagocytes, which are specialized immune cells, engulf and digest viruses. But cold air has also been linked to a decrease in this activity. Rhinoviruses actually prefer colder temperatures, making it difficult not to succumb to the common cold once cold weather begins. At a normal body temperature, these viruses have been found to commit cell suicide or to encounter enzymes, as per a research study.
Prevention: The best way to protect yourself is by washing your hands with soap and water frequently, avoiding touching your eyes, nose, and mouth, and staying away from people who are already infected. These rules also apply to influenza. The CDC recommend a yearly flu shot as the best way of preventing infection. Moreover, extra care should be taken by carefully washing all touchable things and common surfaces to avoid the spread of infection in children. However, if you fall prey to a winter virus, here are some home remedies to consider to help ease your symptoms:
Garlic: It is anti-viral, antibiotic, and antiseptic.
Onion: It is great for coughs and raw onion keeps the respiratory tract open.
Ginger: It has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to treating cold/flu, ginger is excellent for nausea and vomiting.
Honey: Honey is antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antiseptic. Do not give honey to children under one year age.
Lemon: High in vitamin C, lemon may help decrease the strength of the cold and flu virus in the body and reduce phlegm. Many people use lemons to build resistance to cold and flu, and speed up healing.
Coconut Oil: Its naturally high levels of lauric acid, which the body converts into a compound that has potent antimicrobial properties, can help boost the immune system and ward off illness. It can be taken with food, melted into hot tea or eaten straight out of the jar.
Cod Liver Oil: High levels of omega-3s make this ideal for reducing inflammation, while the naturally occurring levels of vitamins A and D help boost immune health. During times of sickness, you can double the recommended daily dose for extra immune support.
Warm Liquids: Homemade broth, hot lemon water, and herbal teas all help boost the immune system and soothe you when feeling sick. Ginger is good for sinus trouble and congestion. Homemade cinnamon tea made with one tablespoon of cinnamon and one teaspoon of honey helps reduce coughing and congestion.
Nasal Wash: When you have sinus congestion, excess mucous is unable to drain, which can lead to a bacteria build-up, swelling and stuffiness. Rinsing your nasal passages with filtered water helps to clear out excess phlegm, pollutants and bacteria, so your normal nasal mucosa can better fight infections and allergies.
( The author a Physician and a Diabetes Expert is a Health Columnist. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Floods And The Threat of Infections

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Thu, 04 Sep 2025 19:20:02 +0000

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters faced by humanity. They cause immediate destruction by sweeping away homes, damaging infrastructure, and displacing populations. But beyond the visible damage, floods carry an often-overlooked danger: the rise of infectious diseases. The true health crisis often begins once the waters recede, when contaminated environments, poor sanitation, and disrupted healthcare services create a fertile ground for outbreaks.
Waterborne Diseases: One of the biggest health challenges after flooding is the contamination of drinking water. When sewage systems overflow and mix with floodwaters, harmful bacteria and viruses spread rapidly. This increases the risk of waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, viral hepatitis-A, and acute diarrhoeal illnesses. Flood victims, especially in rural or resource-poor settings, may rely on rivers, wells, or hand pumps that become unsafe during floods. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable, as dehydration from diarrhoeal illnesses can quickly turn fatal if left untreated.
Vector-Borne Illnesses: Stagnant pools of water left behind after floods are perfect breeding sites for mosquitoes. As a result, outbreaks of malaria, dengue, and chikungunya often follow flood events. The spread of these vector-borne diseases further strains already overburdened health systems. Without timely vector control measures—such as drainage, spraying, and distribution of mosquito nets—flood-affected areas can experience epidemics.
Skin and Respiratory Infections: Living conditions in temporary shelters also increase the risk of infections. Overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and poor sanitation often result in skin rashes, fungal infections, respiratory tract infections, and even tuberculosis transmission. Injuries sustained during floods—such as cuts, bruises, and snakebites—frequently become infected due to lack of clean wound care facilities.

“Floods cause more than just physical damage; they also create conditions for hidden epidemics that can be as deadly as the disaster itself. It’s crucial for disaster preparedness to understand the link between floods and infections. By combining strong public health measures with climate-resilient planning, we can reduce the risk of secondary health crises and protect vulnerable populations from the silent aftermath of floods.”

Secondary Impacts, Climate Change: Floods disrupt livelihoods, displace populations, and create food insecurity, which in turn weakens immunity and increases vulnerability to infections. Climate change has intensified these risks by making extreme rainfall events more frequent and severe. Warmer temperatures and erratic monsoons across South Asia and other parts of the world now mean that flood-related infections are becoming a recurring public health concern.
The Way Forward: Addressing the health fallout of floods requires both immediate and long-term strategies. In the short term, authorities must ensure access to clean drinking water through chlorination, water purification tablets, or bottled supplies. Mobile health camps should be deployed to provide quick diagnosis and treatment of diarrhoeal and vector-borne diseases. Preventive vaccination campaigns—particularly for hepatitis-A and typhoid—can reduce risks in vulnerable populations. Vector control programs, safe sanitation practices, and widespread community awareness campaigns are equally critical. People must be educated on boiling water, washing hands, and using mosquito protection to reduce their risk of infection.
Conclusion: Floods leave behind more than physical devastation; they create conditions for hidden epidemics that can claim as many lives as the disaster itself. Recognizing the connection between floods and infections is vital for disaster preparedness. By combining strong public health measures with climate-resilient planning, societies can reduce the risk of secondary health crises and safeguard vulnerable populations from the silent aftermath of floods.

(The author a physician and a public health expert writes frequently on critical health issues for the opinion pages of leading English dailies in Jammu & Kashmir. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Managing Obesity In The 21st Century

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Wed, 03 Sep 2025 21:08:08 +0000

Overweight and obesity have emerged as two of the most pressing health challenges of the modern world, posing significant threats to individual well-being and public health systems alike. These conditions are no longer limited to affluent societies but have become global epidemics, cutting across geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic boundaries. Obesity is associated with a wide range of chronic illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, degenerative joint disorders, sleep apnea, and certain cancers. Beyond the clinical complications, obesity also inflicts psychological and social burdens, as individuals often face stigma, prejudice, and discrimination.
Traditionally, obesity was mistakenly seen as a simple consequence of unhealthy behavior—overeating, inactivity, or lack of self-discipline. This narrow perspective not only failed to capture the biological and environmental complexity of obesity but also perpetuated damaging stereotypes. Fortunately, modern medical science has shifted its understanding. Advances in the study of obesity’s pathophysiology have highlighted that it is a chronic, multifactorial disease influenced by genetics, environment, metabolism, and behavior. These insights are paving the way for innovative pharmacological, surgical, and behavioral interventions that offer hope for more effective management.
Obesity As A Chronic Disease: Obesity must be recognized and managed as a chronic disease, much like hypertension or diabetes. It is not a temporary state to be reversed and forgotten once the desired weight is achieved. Patients who reach their weight goals remain at risk of relapse if support is withdrawn. This underscores the need for long-term management strategies and ongoing clinician-patient partnerships. Just as blood pressure control requires continuous attention, obesity management should not be discontinued but adapted over time as the disease evolves.
The Need For A Multidisciplinary Approach: Effective obesity care is rarely the work of a single physician. It demands a multidisciplinary approach that may include primary care doctors, endocrinologists, bariatric surgeons, dietitians, psychologists, and physiotherapists. Each discipline contributes unique expertise—whether through metabolic evaluation, surgical intervention, nutritional guidance, or behavioral therapy. Tailoring care to individual patients is essential, as obesity presents differently depending on genetics, comorbidities, lifestyle, and psychosocial circumstances. The severity of obesity and the presence of related conditions should guide the intensity of intervention.
Combating Stigma In Obesity Care: Perhaps one of the most overlooked aspects of obesity management is the stigma patients face. Weight-related stigma discourages many individuals from seeking care, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor management of obesity and its associated diseases. Physicians must engage in compassionate, non-judgmental conversations about weight, focusing on health rather than appearance. Importantly, not all symptoms should automatically be attributed to weight. A thoughtful evaluation that considers other possible causes is critical in avoiding misdiagnosis. By reframing obesity as a complex medical condition rather than a personal failing, clinicians can help dismantle stigma and build trust.

“The medical community is fighting the major health challenge of obesity by combining new tools like pharmacology and surgery with a compassionate approach. The goal is to improve health and empower people to live longer, more fulfilling lives, not just to reduce a number on a scale.”

Beyond Body Mass Index (BMI): Body Mass Index (BMI) remains the most widely used measure to classify overweight and obesity. However, it is far from a perfect tool. BMI does not account for differences in body composition, muscle mass, sex, or ethnicity. A muscular athlete and a sedentary individual with excess fat may have the same BMI, yet vastly different health profiles. As such, BMI should be considered a starting point rather than a definitive diagnostic measure. The development of more precise tools to assess obesity—such as body fat distribution, metabolic markers, and genetic factors—will be crucial in advancing care.
The Role of Lifestyle Modification: While lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise remain foundational in obesity management, evidence shows that they alone are often insufficient for long-term success. Less than half of patients in structured lifestyle programs achieve even modest weight loss of 5% or more. The most effective diet, experts emphasize, is the one that a patient can adhere to sustainably while maintaining a calorie deficit. Exercise plays an important role in preserving muscle mass, improving metabolic health, and supporting psychological well-being, but lifestyle modification should be viewed as one component of a broader therapeutic strategy rather than the sole intervention.
Pharmacologic, Surgical Interventions : Recent years have witnessed remarkable progress in pharmacologic therapies for obesity. Drugs such as bupropion–naltrexone, orlistat, phentermine–topiramate, liraglutide, and semaglutide have expanded treatment options, offering meaningful weight reduction when combined with lifestyle interventions. On the surgical front, procedures like sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass remain highly effective for severe obesity, with newer, less invasive endoscopic procedures also gaining traction. Choosing among these options requires shared decision-making, where patients and clinicians carefully weigh benefits, risks, and personal preferences.
Toward A New Era of Obesity Care: As we move into an era of increasingly effective therapies, the future of obesity management looks promising. Better understanding of its biological underpinnings not only facilitates the development of targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies but also helps challenge outdated narratives that fuel stigma. Addressing obesity with the same seriousness as other chronic diseases can improve health outcomes and quality of life for millions worldwide.
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity represent one of the defining health challenges of our time. Their management requires a nuanced, long-term, and multidisciplinary approach that integrates medical science with compassion. By embracing new pharmacological and surgical tools, refining diagnostic measures, and, most importantly, dismantling stigma, the medical community can help patients achieve not just weight loss but improved overall health and dignity.The fight against obesity is not about numbers on a scale—it is about empowering individuals to live healthier, longer, and more fulfilling lives.

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Hypothyroidism: The Silent Slowdown Of Body

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Wed, 20 Aug 2025 20:01:30 +0000

Hypothyroidism often called the “silent slowdown” of the body—a condition that creeps in quietly, sometimes over years, affecting energy, weight, mood, and overall well-being. Hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid disease, is surprisingly common, yet it often goes unrecognized because its symptoms can be subtle, nonspecific, and easily mistaken for stress or aging.
At the heart of the condition is the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. Despite its size, it has a big job: producing hormones—thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)—that regulate metabolism, growth, temperature, heart rate, and brain function. When the thyroid doesn’t make enough of these hormones, the body’s processes slow down, leading to a cascade of symptoms that can affect nearly every organ system.
Recognizing The Symptoms: One of the challenges in diagnosing hypothyroidism is that its signs are often subtle at first. Fatigue that doesn’t improve with rest, gradual weight gain despite no change in diet, dry skin, thinning hair, and a feeling of being unusually cold can all be early indicators. Constipation, puffiness around the face, and swelling in the hands or feet are also common. Mood changes are another hallmark—many people experience low mood, slowed thinking, or memory problems. In women, menstrual irregularities and fertility issues can arise. The neck may develop a swelling known as a goitre, especially if the thyroid gland is inflamed or enlarged. Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, it’s easy for hypothyroidism to be misattributed to depression, menopause, or simply “getting older.”
Causes: The most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries is an autoimmune condition called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In this disorder, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, slowly damaging its ability to produce hormones. In parts of the world where iodine deficiency is still prevalent, lack of iodine in the diet remains a leading cause. Iodine is a key ingredient in thyroid hormone production, and without enough of it, the gland can’t keep up with the body’s needs. Other causes include surgical removal of the thyroid (often done for thyroid cancer or large goiters), radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications like lithium or amiodarone, and, more rarely, pituitary gland problems that prevent the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Some people develop hypothyroidism temporarily after pregnancy in a condition called postpartum thyroiditis.
Diagnosis|A Simple Blood Test: Because symptoms are vague, the only way to definitively diagnose hypothyroidism is through a blood test. Doctors measure TSH, the hormone produced by the pituitary gland that signals the thyroid to work, along with free T4, the main hormone made by the thyroid. In hypothyroidism, TSH is usually elevated as the body tries to stimulate the underactive gland, while T4 is low. Sometimes, TSH may be mildly raised while T4 remains normal—a situation called subclinical hypothyroidism. In such cases, doctors weigh the pros and cons of starting treatment immediately versus monitoring, depending on symptoms, age, and risk factors.

“Hypothyroidism is a common and treatable condition, but its subtle onset means many people live with it unknowingly. By understanding the symptoms and following a consistent treatment plan, you can reclaim your energy, restore your health, and prevent long-term complications.”

Treatment| Simple, Effective: The good news is that hypothyroidism is straightforward to treat. The standard therapy is a daily tablet of levothyroxine—a synthetic form of T4—that restores hormone levels to normal. The dose is personalized based on body weight, age, and other health conditions. Patients need regular blood tests, especially in the first few months, to fine-tune the dose. Once stabilized, most people only require annual monitoring. Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach, ideally in the morning, with water, and separate from calcium or iron supplements, which can interfere with absorption.
With proper treatment, symptoms usually improve within weeks, and most people can expect a full return to health. However, skipping doses or stopping treatment without medical advice can lead to a return of symptoms and, in severe cases, dangerous complications.
The Risks Of Leaving It Untreated: If left untreated, hypothyroidism can progress and cause serious health issues. Long-term low thyroid hormone levels can lead to heart problems such as slow heart rate, high cholesterol, and heart failure. Severe hypothyroidism can cause swelling, anaemia, nerve damage, and infertility. In rare, extreme cases, a life-threatening condition called myxoedema coma can develop, marked by profound hypothermia, slowed breathing, and unconsciousness. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women is particularly concerning, as it can increase the risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and developmental problems in the baby. That’s why thyroid screening is often recommended during pregnancy in high-risk individuals.
Living Well With Hypothyroidism: While medication is the cornerstone of treatment, lifestyle choices can help support overall health. A balanced diet containing adequate iodine—found in iodized salt, dairy, seafood, and eggs—is important, although most people in iodine-sufficient countries get enough from their diet. Other nutrients like selenium (in Brazil nuts, fish, and eggs) and zinc (in meat, legumes, and nuts) also support thyroid health. Regular exercise helps boost energy, maintain a healthy weight, and improve mood, all of which can be affected by hypothyroidism. Sleep, stress management, and regular medical check-ups are equally important in maintaining stability. Patients should also be aware of factors that can affect thyroid hormone levels, such as changes in other medications, significant weight changes, or new illnesses. Open communication with healthcare providers ensures timely adjustments to treatment.
Raising Awareness: One of the biggest challenges with hypothyroidism is that it hides in plain sight. People often attribute their fatigue or weight changes to a busy lifestyle, stress, or age. Public awareness campaigns, routine screening in high-risk groups, and health education can help more people get diagnosed earlier.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a common and treatable condition, but its subtle onset means many live with it unknowingly. By understanding the symptoms, seeking timely diagnosis, and following a consistent treatment plan, people can reclaim their energy, restore their health, and prevent long-term complications. The thyroid may be small, but its role in the body is immense—keeping it healthy is essential for overall well-being.

(The author a Medical Practioner at SMVD Narayana Super Specialty Hospital, Jammu is also a motivational speaker,activist, columnist and a top educator awardee . The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Seeking Success, Making Hereafter As Our Goal

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Fri, 01 Aug 2025 19:52:53 +0000

To begin with the name of Almighty Allah(SWT),we must always be thankful enough and owe due credit of our success to HIM only. The more we owe credit of our success to our Lord, the more we get closer to HIM and seek HIS pleasure. To realise a dream in our life –we must always give right direction to it. Ensuring right direction to a dream will bring success as well as make us able to fulfil the true purpose of our life– (seeking the pleasure of Almighty Allah). That rightdirection to a dream is possible onlyby imbibing and seeking true guidance, good character and values – by following the Word of Almighty Allah through Holy Qur’an and noble teachings of His beloved messenger – Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Doing charity in this world for the sake of pleasure of Almighty Allah – is a much rewarding exercise. As Almighty Allah(SWT) says in Holy Qur’an — the example of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is like a seed [of grain] which grows seven spikes; in each spike is a hundred grains. And Allah multiplies [His reward] for whom He wills. And Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing. We have to discover Allah’s blessings through realising our inner beingand get to know the real purpose of our life. Our journey in this world is just a test to do good deeds in order to achieve the final dream- that is beyond our sight ( the world hereafter and its magnanimous reward, Jannat Ul Firdous). We are from Allah to this world – here we have to work to please HIM( that is the real purpose of this life) and to HIM we shall return – and when we return to HIM, we should have pleased our Lord to such an extent so that HE should happily receive us and bless with that magnanimous reward of Jannat Ul Firdous(the final dream). May Almighty Allah bless us all…Aameen!
Har Ek Maqam Se Aage Maqam Hai Tera;
Hayat Zouq-e- Safar Kay Sewa Kuch Aur Nahi (Allama Iqbal).
Almighty Allah( SWT) says in Qur’an in Surah Baqarah: “Be fearful of a day when you shall return to Allah and you will receive your reward fully for what you have done and you won’t be wronged (2:281)”.

“Depending on the seeds we plant in this world and the effort we put in, we could see the fruits in the Akhirah. Let us make Akhirah our goal by doing good deeds, giving charity, enlightening people with beneficial knowledge, and raising righteous children. These actions will benefit us once we enter Akhirah”.

Almighty Allah(SWT) through His bountiful blessings and mercy is always encouraging us to prepare for Akhirah through practicing religious obligations, i.e, Salah, sadaqa, siyam, recitation of Qur’an, and through doing good deeds and by helping those in desperate need or who are struggling in their lives. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “Whomsoever is fearful, he will start his journey early, and whoever started his journey early, he will reach his destination safely. Verily the merchandise of Allah is expensive, verily the product of Allah is Paradise (Tirmidhi)”. Prophet Muhammad(SAW) in another hadith said, “Everyone is taking a journey, on a daily basis. He is either one of two things – he is taking a journey to free himself of the shackles of the Duniya, the whims and desires and he will please Allah Almighty and then he will be safe, or he might lead his soul to its ruin (Muslim)”. Anas bin Malik narrated that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: “Whoever makes the Hereafter his goal, Allah makes his heart rich, and organizes his affairs, and the world inevitably comes to him. And whoever makes this world his goal, Allah puts his poverty right before his eyes, and disorganizes his affairs, and the world does not come to him, except what has been decreed for him” . Abu Huraira narrated that the Messenger of Allah(SAW)said, “When the human being dies, his deeds come to an end except for three: ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for him.” Therefore, depending on the seeds we plant in this world and the effort we put in, we could see the fruits in the Akhirah. If we never planted the seeds we can’t expect the fruits. Let us seek for and make “Akhirah” as our goal by doing good deeds, giving charity, doing works of enlightening people with beneficial knowledge and raising righteous children — because it is these things which will benefit us once we leave this world and enter “Akhirah”.

(The author is a Physician and a well known columnist writing columns for the opinion pages of major newspapers in Jammu & Kashmir. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Preventing Heart Diseases , Stroke

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Mon, 30 Dec 2024 21:15:12 +0000

Heart disease prevention strategies are same as that for preventing stroke. Recommendations include:
Controlling high blood pressure. This is one of the most important things one can do to reduce their heart disease and stroke risk — exercising, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight and limiting the amount of sodium in diet and avoiding alcohol can all help to keep high blood pressure in check. In addition to recommending lifestyle changes, one may need to take medications to treat high blood pressure.
Controlling diabetes — one can manage diabetes with diet, exercise, weight control and medications.
Lowering the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat in one’s diet — eating less cholesterol and fat especially saturated fat and trans fats — may reduce the plaque formation in arteries. Besides dietary changes, one may need to take cholesterol-lowering medications.
Exercising regularly — exercise reduces risk of heart disease and stroke in many ways. It can lower blood pressure, increase level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and improve the overall health of blood vessels and heart. It also helps in losing weight, control diabetes and reduce stress.
Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables — a diet containing five or more daily servings of fruits or vegetables may reduce risk of heart disease and stroke. Following the diet which emphasizes olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables and whole grains may be helpful.
Quitting tobacco use — smoking raises the risk of heart disease and stroke for smokers and non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. So quitting tobacco use reduces risk of heart disease and stroke.
Avoiding alcohol — it can be a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Heavy alcohol consumption increases risk of high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and heart attack; ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Avoiding drug abuse — certain drugs, such as cocaine and methamphetamines, are established risk factors for ischemic heart disease and stroke.
Maintaining good oro-dental hygiene — it is important to brush and floss one’s teeth and gums often, and have regular dental check-ups.
Anti-platelet drugs and anticoagulants are commonly used as preventive medications, called blood thinners. Platelets are cells in one’s blood that form clots. Anti-platelet drugs make these cells less sticky and less likely to clot. These are used to prevent ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. However, such medications should be taken only after doctor’s advice.

“As adopting the DASH diet in one’s life has been shown to lower blood pressure and hence reduce the risk of hypertension, which is one of the important risk factors for heart disease and stroke. More to say, there is need to avoid unnecessary stress in our lives by following a good health routine as research has shown that the depression including stress could increase a person’s risk for developing serious health problems including heart diseases, stroke and diabetes.”

Therefore, while adopting unhealthy routines like eating poorly, exercising less, deprived sleep or leaning more heavily on substances such as alcohol, smoking and drug abuse including taking stress — could increase the potential risks of landing into serious health problems — there are healthy ways to adopt for reducing the risk. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, taking less salt in diet, getting adequate sleep, avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption; monitoring blood sugar levels and keeping that under control; besides monitoring one’s cholesterol and triglyceride levels and keeping them under control are crucial hallmarks in prevention of heart disease and stroke.
Moreover, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan is a healthy diet plan which is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, protein and low-fat dairy products. Besides that it is also low in sodium, saturated fat, total fat, and cholesterol. Having said, focus on to consume more fruits and vegetables each day, choose whole grains over refined grains, and opt for protein-rich sources such as poultry, fish, beans, and nuts. As adopting the DASH diet in one’s life has been shown to lower blood pressure and hence reduce the risk of hypertension, which is one of the important risk factors for heart disease and stroke. More to say, there is need to avoid unnecessary stress in our lives by following a good health routine as research has shown that the depression including stress could increase a person’s risk for developing serious health problems including heart diseases, stroke and diabetes.

(The author is a Physician and a well known health columniste. The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)
Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo
drtasadukitoo@gmail.com

Breakthrough Treatment For Gastric Cancer

Dr. Tasaduk Hussain Itoo — Wed, 25 Dec 2024 06:37:18 +0000

Role of Ramucirumab(CYRAMZA) in advanced or metastatic gastric (stomach) or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection of the tumour is potentially curative at early stages; however, many patients still relapse following resection.
Most patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage or develop recurrence after surgery, and thus, combined therapies are the standard of care for stage 1B or higher gastric cancer. Recently published guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, European Society for Medical Oncology, and Pan-Asian European Society for Medical Oncology recommend Fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based combination regimens, in combination with Trastuzumab as the first-line treatment for patients having unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer who have human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive tumours. These guidelines also highlighted that Ramucirumab plus Paclitaxel is the preferred second-line treatment choice for patients with metastatic gastric cancer who failed first-line treatment with platinum- and Fluoropyrimidine-based combinations or Trastuzumab in combination with Cisplatin and 5 Fluorouracil/ Cisplatin and Capecitabine. Ramucirumab is a VEGFR-2-specific (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) human IgG1 monoclonal antibody. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Ramucirumab as monotherapy or in combination with Paclitaxel for the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma with disease progression on or after previous treatment with Fluoropyrimidine- or platinum-containing chemotherapy. As per a paper published in Lancet, Ramucirumab is the first biological treatment given as a single drug that has survival benefits in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma progressing after first-line chemotherapy. In patients with gastric cancer, Ramucirumab should be administered at a dose of 8 mg/kg every 2 weeks as monotherapy or in combination with weekly Paclitaxel.
“As the first monoclonal antibody to bind to the extracellular domain of the VEGFR-2, Ramucirumab has demonstrated an improvement in overall survival as monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced gastric cancer. With its manageable toxicity profile, Ramucirumab provides practitioners with a safe and effective FDA-approved second-line therapy option for gastric cancer.”

The common adverse reactions observed in single-agent Ramucirumab-treated gastric cancer patients are hypertension and diarrhoea. The side effects observed in patients treated with Ramucirumab with Paclitaxel are fatigue/asthenia, neutropenia, diarrhoea, and epistaxis. Ramucirumab is speculated to increase the risk of haemorrhage, including severe and rarely fatal haemorrhagic events; hence, Ramucirumab should be discontinued in patients who experience severe bleeding.

Therefore, blood pressure should be controlled prior to the initiation of Ramucirumab, monitored every 2 weeks, and continued to be well controlled throughout treatment. Patients should be educated on the signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism, bleeding, home blood pressure monitoring, infusion-related reactions, and bowel perforation. Finally, as the first monoclonal antibody to bind to the extracellular domain of the VEGFR-2, Ramucirumab has demonstrated an improvement in overall survival as monotherapy and in combination with paclitaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced gastric cancer. With its manageable toxicity profile, Ramucirumab provides practitioners with a safe and effective FDA-approved second-line therapy option for gastric cancer.
(The Author is a leading Medico and a noted Health Columnist . The views, opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the author and aren’t necessarily in accord with the views of “Kashmir Horizon”)